Trial reportOphthalmology2019
Prevalence, Risk, and Genetic Association of Reticular Pseudodrusen in Age-related Macular Degeneration: Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Report 21.
Trial report in Ophthalmology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Updated Simplified Severity Scale for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Incorporating Reticular Pseudodrusen: Age-Related Eye Disease Study Report Number 42.Ophthalmology · 2024Trial
- Impact of Prophylactic Ranibizumab to Prevent Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration on Eyes With Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Trial
- Progression of Geographic Atrophy with Subsequent Exudative Neovascular Disease in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: AREDS2 Report 24.Ophthalmology. Retina · 2021Trial
- HONU: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study of the Progression of Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Bidirectional Retro mode differential imaging improves drusen boundary depiction in early and intermediate AMD: a pilot study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Geographic atrophy progression and subretinal drusenoid deposits in a real-world Japanese cohort.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Reticular pseudodrusen load is associated with an increased risk of stroke.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Drusen volume and reticular pseudodrusen volume from optical coherence tomography with deep learning as risk factors for progression to late age-related macular degeneration in eyes with reticular pseudodrusen and contralateral macular neovascularisation.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers Predicting Progression to Atrophy in Non-Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Patient induced pluripotent stem cells identify specificities of a reticular pseudodrusen phenotype in age-related macular degeneration.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Distinct Genetic Profiles Associated With Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits and Cardiovascular Risk in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- ReticularNet: Automated Pixel-Level Segmentation of Reticular Pseudodrusen on Near-Infrared Reflectance Images by Deep Learning.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Impact of Reticular Pseudodrusen on Clinical and Ocular Characteristics and Progression Rate of Geographic Atrophy in Japanese Patients.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- ONL1204 for the Treatment of Geographic Atrophy: Phase Ib Study Evaluating Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- HTRA1/lncRNA HTRA1-AS1 dominates in age-related macular degeneration reticular pseudodrusen genetic risk with no complement involvement.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Influence of subretinal drusenoid deposit on retinal sensitivity in age-related macular degeneration.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Data-driven Age-related Macular Degeneration Severity Scoring System Leveraging the AREDS Studies and Clinical Electronic Medical Records.Ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Associations Between Structural Phenotype and Polygenic Risk Scores in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration - A MACUSTAR Report.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Geographic atrophy in Asia.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
- Polygenic Risk Score Impact on Visual Function in Older Individuals with Healthy Macula: The Northern Ireland Sensory Ageing Study.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine the prevalence of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), assess the role of RPD as an independent risk factor for late AMD development, and evaluate genetic association with RPD.
designProspective cohort study.
participantsParticipants with intermediate AMD in 1 or both eyes enrolled in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2), a 5-year multicenter study of nutritional supplement.
methodsFundus autofluorescence (FAF) images from a subset of AREDS2 participants were evaluated at annual visits for presence of RPD. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms-rs10490924 (ARMS2), rs1061170 (CFH), rs2230199 (C3), rs116503776 and rs114254831 (C2/CFB), and rs943080 (VEGF-A)-and the genetic risk score (GRS) were assessed for association with RPD. Development of late AMD, defined as geographic atrophy (GA) or neovascular AMD (NVAMD), was identified.
main outcome measuresPrevalence of RPD, odds ratio (OR) of late AMD development, and genetic associations of RPD.
resultsThe FAF images were evaluated for 5021 eyes (2516 participants). Reticular pseudodrusen were seen in 1186 eyes (24% of eyes, 29% of participants). Prevalence of RPD varied with baseline AREDS AMD severity level: 6% in early AMD (n = 458), 26% in intermediate AMD (n = 2606), 36% in GA (n = 682), and 19% in NVAMD (n = 1246). Mean age of participants with RPD was 79 years (standard deviation [SD], 7) and 75 years (SD, 8) in those without RPD (P < 0.0001). Reticular pseudodrusen were more frequent in female participants (65% RPD vs. 53% no RPD). Odds ratio adjusted for baseline age, gender, race, educational status, smoking, and AMD severity level for 1710 eyes at risk of developing late AMD at the next annual visit was 2.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80-3.24; P < 0.001) for GA and 1.21 (95% CI, 0.87-1.7; P = 0.26) for NVAMD. Presence of RPD was significantly associated with higher GRS (P < 0.0001) and ARMS2 risk alleles (P < 0.0001) and, at a nominal level, with C3 risk alleles (P = 0.04) and CFH risk alleles (P = 0.048 for homozygotes).
conclusionsParticipants with RPD have an increased risk of progression to GA but not NVAMD. ARMS2 risk alleles and higher GRS were associated with the presence of RPD. This study suggests that RPD are an important risk marker and should be included in classification systems used for patient prognosis.
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