ReviewFrontiers in pediatrics2019
Changing Pattern of Childhood Celiac Disease Epidemiology: Contributing Factors.
Review in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Increasing Co-occurrence of Additional Autoimmune Disorders at Diabetes Type 1 Onset Among Children and Adolescents Diagnosed in Years 2010-2018-Single-Center Study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Trial
- Changing clinical presentation of pediatric celiac disease over time.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Pediatric celiac disease and coexisting immune-mediated conditions: a five-year single-center study from North-Eastern Romania.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Gene-Environment Interactions in Celiac Disease: The Role of the Intestinal Epithelium.Lifestyle genomics · 2026Review
- Observational
- Celiac Disease-Narrative Review on Progress in Celiac Disease.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Restoration of the lamina propria duodenal immune infiltrate in gluten-free diet treated celiac patients despite persistent villous atrophy.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence of delivery mode in an Italian nationwide cohort with celiac disease: a SIGENP multicenter retrospective study (the CD-deliver-IT).Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Frequency of Celiac Disease in Children with Idiopathic Epilepsy.Iranian journal of child neurology · 2024Article
- Compliance and Lifestyle of Children with Celiac Disease in the Iranian Children.Advanced biomedical research · 2024Article
- Article
- Celiac Disease on the Bed-Side: Embedding Case Finding and Screening in Hospitalized Children.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Prevalence of markers of beta cell autoimmunity and thyroid disease in children with coeliac disease.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Role of age in dynamics of autoantibodies in pediatric Celiac disease.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Coeliac Disease Case-Control Study: Has the Time Come to Explore beyond Patients at Risk?Nutrients · 2023Article
- Factors Associated with Low Bone Mineral Density at the Time of Diagnosis in Children with Celiac DiseaseJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2023Article
- Clinical spectrum & changing presentation of celiac disease in Indian children.The Indian journal of medical research · 2023Review
- Point-of-Care Screening for Coeliac Disease in Schoolchildren Reveals Higher Disease Prevalence in Croatia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Replacing the Burden of the Gluten Free Diet: Then, Now, and the Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Up until the 1960s and 1970s, diarrhea, malabsorption syndrome, and failure to thrive were the presenting symptoms and signs of celiac disease (CD) in young infants; however this disease was also at the same time reported to be disappearing. Indeed, clinical childhood CD was seen to transform into a milder form, resulting in an upward shift in age at diagnosis during the 1970s (and years later for many countries). This changing pattern of CD presentation then altered the epidemiology of the disease, with major differences between and within countries observed. An awareness of the changing clinical nature of CD and use of case-finding tools to detect even clinically silent CD became an important factor in this changing epidemiology. Countries report both low and high prevalence but it seems to be on the increase resulting in a population-based level of 1-2%. This paper discusses the potential causes and environmental factors behind these observed clinical changes, identifying new clues from different studies published at the time this transformation took place. For instance, it was found that breastfeeding postponed the diagnosis of the disease but did not altogether prevent it. Moreover, gluten introduction at a young age, specifically at the mean age of 2 months, seemed to also have a clear impact in inducing malabsorption syndrome and failure to thrive in young infants in addition to other factors such as gluten intake volume and type of cereal present in the weaning food. Further, the impact of cow's milk and its high osmolarity might have played an important role; humanized milk formulas were not yet invented. Future epidemiological studies on the contributing environmental factors to the shift in CD presentation are thus recommended for countries in which these changing clinical features are still being observed.
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