Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31555394›Full record

ArticleCurrent fungal infection reports2019

Fungal Infections with Ibrutinib and Other Small-Molecule Kinase Inhibitors.

Marissa A Zarakas, Jigar V Desai, Georgios Chamilos, Michail S Lionakis

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current fungal infection reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07215273 (A Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind Study of Safety and Efficacy of EL219), which is not on this map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07215273 phase2recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

A Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind Study of Safety and Efficacy of EL219 (Turletricin) Versus Liposomal Amphotericin B or Voriconazole for Early Antifungal Therapy of Invasive Mould Infections (TREAT-1)

TypeinterventionalSponsorElion Therapeutics, Inc.Ran2026 to 2026Enrolled60ConditionsInvasive Mould InfectionArmsEL219, Active Comparator- IV Antifungal (LAmB or voriconazole)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Future Prospects and Challenges in Mucormycosis Research.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Recent developments inMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Immunity to fungi in the lung.Seminars in immunology · 2023
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Incidence of Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients Initiating Ibrutinib and Other Small Molecule Kinase Inhibitors-United States, July 2016-June 2019.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022
    Article
  14. TLR Signaling Rescues Fungicidal Activity in Syk-Deficient Neutrophils.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Marissa A ZarakasFungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Jigar V DesaiFungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Georgios ChamilosDepartment of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece, and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 71300, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Michail S LionakisFungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
National Institutes of Health · USNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases · USUniversity of Crete · GR

Funding

Immunopathogenesis of Fungal InfectionsZIAAI001175 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI LIONAKIS, MICHAIL · 2012 to 2025
$23.9M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA AI001175
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewSmall molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) have revolutionized the management of malignant and autoimmune disorders. Emerging clinical reports point toward an increased risk for invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in patients treated with certain SMKIs. In this mini-review, we highlight representative examples of SMKIs that have been associated with or are expected to give rise to IFIs. RECENT

findingsThe clinical use of the Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib as well as other FDA-approved SMKIs has been associated with IFIs. The fungal infection susceptibility associated with the clinical use of certain SMKIs underscores their detrimental effects on innate and adaptive antifungal immune responses. SUMMARY: The unprecedented development and clinical use of SMKIs is expected to give rise to an expansion of iatrogenic immunosuppressive factors predisposing to IFIs (and other opportunistic infections). Beyond increased clinical surveillance, better understanding of the pathogenesis of SMKI-associated immune dysregulation should help devising improved risk stratification and prophylaxis strategies in vulnerable patients.

Indexed as

Aspergillosiscryptococcosisibrutinibinvasive fungal infectionsPneumocystis jirovecii pneumoniasmall molecule kinase inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID31555394
PMCPMC6759856
OpenAlexW2953449131

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.