ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
TRIM21-From Intracellular Immunity to Therapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of baseline anti-Ro52 seropositivity with connective tissue disease development following interferon-α therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Unraveling the Multifaceted Role of TRIM21 in Virus-Triggered Innate Immunity and Diseases.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Structural and mechanistic insights into protective non-neutralizing antibodies targeting Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus nucleocapsid protein.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Correlates of protection against African swine fever virus identified by a systems immunology approach.eLife · 2026Article
- TRIM21 induces selective autophagy of viruses and bacteria.Molecular cell · 2026Article
- System-wide immunoregulation by polyvalent IgG: integrating transcriptomic, miRNA, and proteomic landscapes.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- TRIM21 facilitates inflammasome assembly and contributes to autoinflammatory disease.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Molecular architecture of meiotic pro-crossover factor HEI10 reveals coupling of higher-order assembly and ubiquitin chain formation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Targeting IRF1-TRIM21 axis enhances anti-tumor immunity by promoting ubiquitin-mediated degradation of FGL1 in non-small cell lung cancer.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Rab14 restricts pathogens by promoting V-ATPase lysosomal delivery to drive lysosomal acidification.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Emerging biologic modalities for targeted protein degradation.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Review
- Implications of virus-induced stress granules in tauopathies.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Exosome Proteomics of SOD1Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- N-Myc and STAT interactor as a context-dependent switch in innate antiviral immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Enrichment of the TRIM21-IgG complex in placental villi during HIV-1 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Function and Mechanism of OXCT1 in Tumor Progression as a Critical Ketone Body Metabolic Enzyme.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Nanobodies targeting hnRNPA2/B1 and tau.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A replicating RNA vaccine protects against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection in mice.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- OTUB1 antagonizes TRIM21 to induce deubiquitination of SPHK1 and promote the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.Oncogene · 2025Article
- Internalization and Colocalization of a Polyclonal Antibody Against Porphyromonas gingivalis FimA type I in Infected Cells.European journal of dentistry · 2025Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Tripartite motif containing-21 (TRIM21) is a cytosolic ubiquitin ligase and antibody receptor that provides a last line of defense against invading viruses. It does so by acting as a sensor that intercepts antibody-coated viruses that have evaded extracellular neutralization and breached the cell membrane. Upon engagement of the Fc of antibodies bound to viruses, TRIM21 triggers a coordinated effector and signaling response that prevents viral replication while at the same time inducing an anti-viral cellular state. This dual effector function is tightly regulated by auto-ubiquitination and phosphorylation. Therapeutically, TRIM21 has been shown to be detrimental in adenovirus based gene therapy, while it may be favorably utilized to prevent tau aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, TRIM21 may synergize with the complement system to block viral replication as well as transgene expression. TRIM21 can also be utilized as a research tool to deplete specific proteins in cells and zebrafish embryos. Here, we review our current biological understanding of TRIM21 in light of its versatile functions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.