ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2019
The Virome of Cerebrospinal Fluid: Viruses Where We Once Thought There Were None.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cross-Compartment Virome Profiling in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Substance Use Disorder Reveals Brain-CSF-Periphery Discordance and Hepatitis B Virus in Central Nervous System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Potential of phage therapy for the treatment of diabetic foot infections.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Immune Responses to Phage Therapy in Humans: A Review.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Review
- The Human Virome in Infectious Diseases: Insights from Chronic and Acute Infections Across Body Sites-A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Review
- Galectin-3 in the Lateral Ventricle Regulates Immune Functions.ASN neuro · 2026Review
- Identification of bacteriophage DNA in human umbilical cord blood.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Phage-Microbiota Crosstalk: Implications for Central Nervous System Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The microbiome exists in the neuroretina and choroid in normal conditions and responds rapidly to retinal injury.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Article
- The cerebrospinal fluid virome in people with HIV: links to neuroinflammation and cognition.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Review
- Integrating host transcriptomic signatures for distinguishing autoimmune encephalitis in cerebrospinal fluid by metagenomic sequencing.Cell & bioscience · 2023Article
- Feasibility of 16S rRNA sequencing for cerebrospinal fluid microbiome analysis in cattle with neurological disorders: a pilot study.Veterinary research communications · 2023Article
- Characterization of the Blood Microbiome and Comparison with the Fecal Microbiome in Healthy Dogs and Dogs with Gastrointestinal Disease.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- The persistence and stabilization of auxiliary genes in the human skin virome.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Characterization of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microbiota at the time of initial surgical intervention for children with hydrocephalus.PloS one · 2023Article
- The electronic tree of life (eToL): a net of long probes to characterize the microbiome from RNA-seq data.BMC microbiology · 2022Article
- The Safety and Efficacy of Phage Therapy: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Safety Trials.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The hidden universe of human milk microbiome: origin, composition, determinants, role, and future perspectives.European journal of pediatrics · 2022Review
- Unraveling the viral dark matter through viral metagenomics.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Traditionally, medicine has held that some human body sites are sterile and that the introduction of microbes to these sites results in infections. This paradigm shifted significantly with the discovery of the human microbiome and acceptance of these commensal microbes living across the body. However, the central nervous system (CNS) is still believed by many to be sterile in healthy people. Using culture-independent methods, we examined the virome of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a cohort of mostly healthy human subjects. We identified a community of DNA viruses, most of which were identified as bacteriophages. Compared to other human specimen types, CSF viromes were not ecologically distinct. There was a high alpha diversity cluster that included feces, saliva, and urine, and a low alpha diversity cluster that included CSF, body fluids, plasma, and breast milk. The high diversity cluster included specimens known to have many bacteria, while other specimens traditionally assumed to be sterile formed the low diversity cluster. There was an abundance of viruses shared among CSF, breast milk, plasma, and body fluids, while each generally shared less with urine, feces, and saliva. These shared viruses ranged across different virus families, indicating that similarities between these viromes represent more than just a single shared virus family. By identifying a virome in the CSF of mostly healthy individuals, it is now less likely that any human body site is devoid of microbes, which further highlights the need to decipher the role that viral communities may play in human health.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.