Observational studyNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2019
Effects of natalizumab therapy on intrathecal antiviral antibody responses in MS.
Observational study in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of natalizumab on oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Biological Sex and Age on Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers-A Retrospective Observational Study.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Observational
- Kappa Free Light Chain Index Correlates With Prognostic Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis and Decreases Slowly Following Treatment.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Plasma cells in and around the central nervous system.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Decreased Intrathecal Concentrations of Free Light Chains Kappa in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Taking Very High Effective Disease-Modifying Treatment.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Serum IgG levels to Epstein-Barr and measles viruses in patients with multiple sclerosis during natalizumab and interferon beta treatment.BMJ neurology open · 2022Article
- Natalizumab Induces Changes of Cerebrospinal Fluid Measures in Multiple Sclerosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Secondary Immunodeficiency and Risk of Infection Following Immune Therapies in Neurology.CNS drugs · 2021Review
- High anti-JCPyV serum titers coincide with high CSF cell counts in RRMS patients.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2021Article
- Effects of Natalizumab Therapy on Intrathecal Immunoglobulin G Production Indicate Targeting of Plasmablasts.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Biological Significance of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: Lessons Learned From Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2021Review
- High rates of JCV seroconversion in a large international cohort of natalizumab-treated patients.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the effects of natalizumab (NAT) treatment on intrathecally produced antiviral antibodies in MS.
methodsWe performed a longitudinal, observational study analyzing both serum and CSF samples collected before and during NAT treatment for antibodies against measles, rubella, mumps, influenza, entero, herpes, and polyoma viruses, including JC polyomavirus (JCV) and its nearest homologue BK polyomavirus (BKV), and bacterial control antigens by ELISA to determine the antigen-specific CSF antibody index (CAI). CAI ≥1.5 indicated intrathecal synthesis of antigen-specific antibodies. Oligoclonal bands (OCBs) by isoelectric focusing and total IgG, IgM, and IgA by immunonephelometry were analyzed additionally.
resultsIntrathecal synthesis of JCV- and BKV-specific IgG was detected in 20% of patients with MS at baseline and was lost significantly more frequently during NAT treatment compared with other intrathecal antiviral and antibacterial antibody reactivities. Peripheral JCV- and BKV-specific antibody responses persisted, and no cross-reactivity between JCV- and BKV-specific CSF antibodies was found. Intrathecal production of antibodies against measles, rubella, and zoster antigens (MRZ reaction) was most prevalent and persisted (73.3% before vs 66.7% after 1 year of NAT therapy). CSF OCBs also persisted (93.3% vs 80.0%), but total CSF IgG and IgM levels declined significantly.
conclusionsThese data indicate that JCV-specific antibodies are produced intrathecally in a minority of patients with MS, and NAT treatment affects the intrathecal humoral immune response against JCV relatively specifically compared with other neurotropic viruses. Further studies are needed to determine whether this effect translates to higher risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.