Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31553287›Full record

ReviewCurrent pharmaceutical design2019

A Brief Review of Cardiovascular Diseases, Associated Risk Factors and Current Treatment Regimes.

Gagan D Flora, Manasa K Nayak

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current pharmaceutical design, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 226 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
226citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
26.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

226 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 465 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Colchicine for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
    Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Review
  11. Selenium Nanoparticles Inhibited HBiological trace element research · 2026
    Article
  12. Observational
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Observational
  19. Empagliflozin modulates microRNA expression in human primary cardiomyocytes under CoClInternational journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026
    Article
  20. Article

166 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Gagan D FloraDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
Manasa K NayakDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
University of Iowa · US

Funding

American Heart Association-American Stroke Association 19POST34410022
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of premature death and disability in humans and their incidence is on the rise globally. Given their substantial contribution towards the escalating costs of health care, CVDs also generate a high socio-economic burden in the general population. The underlying pathogenesis and progression associated with nearly all CVDs are predominantly of atherosclerotic origin that leads to the development of coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, venous thromboembolism and, peripheral vascular disease, subsequently causing myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias or stroke. The aetiological risk factors leading to the onset of CVDs are well recognized and include hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking and, lack of physical activity. They collectively represent more than 90% of the CVD risks in all epidemiological studies. Despite high fatality rate of CVDs, the identification and careful prevention of the underlying risk factors can significantly reduce the global epidemic of CVDs. Beside making favorable lifestyle modifications, primary regimes for the prevention and treatment of CVDs include lipid-lowering drugs, antihypertensives, antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapies. Despite their effectiveness, significant gaps in the treatment of CVDs remain. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology and pathology of the major CVDs that are prevalent globally. We also determine the contribution of well-recognized risk factors towards the development of CVDs and the prevention strategies. In the end, therapies for the control and treatment of CVDs are discussed.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes MellitusHumansHyperlipidemiasHypertensionRisk FactorsAtherosclerosisepidemiological studieshypertensionplateletsstrokethrombosis.

Identifiers

PMID31553287
PMCPMC12994374
OpenAlexW2975448098

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.