ArticleAllergy, asthma & immunology research2019
Inhaled Corticosteroids in Asthma and the Risk of Pneumonia.
Article in Allergy, asthma & immunology research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of comorbid pulmonary disease on the severity of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2021Pooled it
- Systemic adverse effects from inhaled corticosteroid use in asthma: a systematic review.BMJ open respiratory research · 2020Pooled it
- Determinants of pneumonia among adult asthmatic patients attending public hospitals in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A case control study.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of respiratory related hospitalizations in older patients with COPD, asthma, and bronchiectasis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Asthma is associated with increasedEuropean clinical respiratory journal · 2025Review
- Article
- Construction of a Diagnostic Algorithm for Diagnosis of Adult Asthma Using Machine Learning with Random Forest and XGBoost.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Inhaled Corticosteroids Is Not Associated with the Risk of Pneumonia in Asthma.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2023Article
- The Impact of Inhaled Corticosteroids on the Prognosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- Associations between COVID-19 outcomes and asthmatic patients with inhaled corticosteroid.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Management of Elderly Asthma: Key Questions and Tentative Answers.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2023Review
- Bacterial DNA amplifies neutrophilic inflammation in IL-17-exposed airways.ERJ open research · 2023Article
- Comprehensive analysis of immune-related genes for classification and immune microenvironment of asthma.American journal of translational research · 2023Article
- Additive effects of coexisting respiratory comorbidities on overall or respiratory mortality in patients with asthma: a national cohort study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The polyhedric reality of the interaction between COVID-19, asthma and inhaled corticosteroids.ERJ open research · 2022Article
- Risk of pneumonia in asthmatic children using inhaled corticosteroids: a nested case-control study in a birth cohort.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Association between Inhaled Corticosteroid Use and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in South Korea.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2022Article
- Risk, Mechanisms and Implications of Asthma-Associated Infectious and Inflammatory Multimorbidities (AIMs) among Individuals With Asthma: a Systematic Review and a Case Study.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2021Review
- Macrophage-derived cytokines in pneumonia: Linking cellular immunology and genetics.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2021Review
- Asthma diagnosis: into the fourth dimension.Thorax · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAsthma is a common disease that is expensive and burdensome for patients. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the most important drugs for asthma treatment and are often prescribed long-term. However, the use of ICS has been reported to increase pneumonia, though this remains controversial. We evaluated whether the use of ICS increases the risk of pneumonia in asthmatic patients using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database in Korea.
methodsThe Asthma Management Adequacy Assessment was performed by the HIRA in Korea. Patients with claimed insurance benefits for asthma disease codes and who were prescribed asthma medications more than 2 times were enrolled. Patient demographics, asthma medications, healthcare use, and complications were analyzed.
resultsThe total number of asthma patients was 831,613. Patients using ICS were older and had more comorbidities than those not using ICS; they also visited outpatient clinics and emergency departments, and were more often hospitalized. Pneumonia and other complications occurred more often in patients using ICS, and they used more respiratory medications, except for theophylline. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that ICS prescription was associated with pneumonia (odds ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.36-1.41). Age, sex, medical care, use of secondary and tertiary hospitals, and hospitalization due to asthma in the previous year were also associated with pneumonia.
conclusionsICS use was associated with increasing pneumonia in asthmatic patients in Korea. Therefore, it is critical to acknowledge that the use of ICS may increase the risk of pneumonia and should be meticulously monitored in asthmatics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.