Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31551645›Full record

ArticleProceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering2019

Evaluating the Impact of Intensity Normalization on MR Image Synthesis.

Jacob C Reinhold, Blake E Dewey, Aaron Carass, Jerry L Prince

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
105citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

105 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  18. Quantitative cardiac magnetic resonance standardized signal intensity comparison in dilated cardiomyopathy vs. cardiac sarcoidosis.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2025
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  19. MRI markers of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics predict dementia and mediate the impact of cardiovascular risk.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
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45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jacob C ReinholdDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA 21218.
Blake E DeweyDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA 21218.
Aaron CarassDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA 21218.
Jerry L PrinceDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA 21218.

Funding

Brain Image Analysis Tools for Quantitative Longitudinal Assessment of MSR01NS070906 · NINDS · HENRY M. JACKSON FDN FOR THE ADV MIL/MED · PI PHAM, DZUNG L · 2010 to 2014
$1.7M
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS070906
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Image synthesis learns a transformation from the intensity features of an input image to yield a different tissue contrast of the output image. This process has been shown to have application in many medical image analysis tasks including imputation, registration, and segmentation. To carry out synthesis, the intensities of the input images are typically scaled-i.e., normalized-both in training to learn the transformation and in testing when applying the transformation, but it is not presently known what type of input scaling is optimal. In this paper, we consider seven different intensity normalization algorithms and three different synthesis methods to evaluate the impact of normalization. Our experiments demonstrate that intensity normalization as a preprocessing step improves the synthesis results across all investigated synthesis algorithms. Furthermore, we show evidence that suggests intensity normalization is vital for successful deep learning-based MR image synthesis.

Indexed as

brain MRIimage synthesisintensity normalization

Identifiers

PMID31551645
PMCPMC6758567

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.