ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2019
Access to insulin: applying the concept of security of supply to medicines.
Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health insurance status, lifestyle choices and the presence of non-communicable diseases: a systematic review.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Impacts of insulin storage and injection techniques intervention on glycemic control among patients with diabetes in northwest Ethiopia: a quasi-experimental study.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Insulin Rationing Persists Despite Policy Changes: Repeated Cross-Sectional Studies, 2017 vs 2024.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Barriers to WHO prequalification of similar biotherapeutic insulin.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2024Article
- Out-of-pocket expenses and rationing of insulin and diabetes supplies: findings from the 2022 T1International cross-sectional web-based survey.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2024Article
- The role of the private sector in noncommunicable disease prevention and management in low- and middle-income countries: a series of systematic reviews and thematic syntheses.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2023Review
- Data-driven policies needed to turn the tide on diabetes.Lancet (London, England) · 2021Article
- Beta Cell Therapies for Preventing Type 1 Diabetes: From Bench to Bedside.Biomolecules · 2020Review
- Challenges and prospects of snake antivenom supply in sub-Saharan Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Diabetic ketoacidosis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2020Review
- The effects of pricing policy on the prices and supply of low-cost medicines in Shandong, China: evidence from an interrupted time series analysis.BMC public health · 2020Article
- [Insulin: prices, availability, and affordability in public and private Peruvian pharmaciesPreço, disponibilidade e acessibilidade à insulina em farmácias públicas e privadas no Peru].Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Security of supply of medicines is fundamental to ensure health for all. Furthermore, improving access to medicines is included in sustainable development goal 3. However, the concept of security of supply has mostly been applied to food, water and energy. Diversity of supply, vulnerability to disruption, expenditure, infrastructure, stability of exporting countries, ownership of production, price stability, access and equity, affordability, intellectual property, safety and reliability of supply, and countries' capacity to adapt to market changes are all elements of security of supply. Based on these elements, we assessed security of supply for insulin, since access to insulin is a global problem. We found that three multinational companies, in Denmark, France and Germany, control 99% of the value of the global insulin market. Prices and affordability of insulin and access to it vary considerably between countries. Some countries are vulnerable to insulin shortage because they import insulin from only one source. Many countries spend large amounts of money on insulin and costs are increasing. Some countries lack an adequate infrastructure for procurement, supply chain management and distribution of insulin. Applying the security of supply concept to insulin showed that diversification of suppliers needs to be fostered. Global health actors should adopt a security of supply approach to identify medicines that are susceptible to supply issues and address this concern by strategic promotion of local production, strengthening regulatory harmonization, and adding local products to the World Health Organization's programme on prequalification of medicines.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.