ArticleNature communications2019
Linkage between endosomal escape of LNP-mRNA and loading into EVs for transport to other cells.
Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 220 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
220 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 403 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping programmable mRNA research relevant to cancer-associated immune escape: a dual-database bibliometric and topic modeling analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Targeted delivery of mRNA to immune cells forDrug delivery · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and determinants of mRNALipid Nanoparticle biodistribution: From pharmacokinetics to clinical translation.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Research Progress, Application, and Industrialization Prospects of Circular RNA Vaccines in Viral Diseases.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Lipid nanoparticles as active biointerfaces: From membrane interaction to systemic dysregulation.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Genome-wide CRISPR screening identifies cellular factors controlling nonviral genome editing efficiency.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Stimulus-Responsive Polymeric Carriers for Gene Delivery: Balancing Endosomal Escape with Nucleic Acid Release.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- Storage Buffer Composition Impacts Internal Structure, Freeze-Thaw Stability, and Transfection Efficiency of mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticles.ACS nano · 2026Article
- Platelet-Targeted Self-Amplifying mRNA for Safe, Long-Acting Thromboprophylaxis.Circulation research · 2026Article
- Multiscale modeling guided potency assessment of mRNA-lipid nanoparticles.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Engineering challenges and translational opportunities in emerging gene delivery platforms.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Targeted Delivery of mRNA to the Heart via Extracellular Vesicles or Lipid Nanoparticles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Decoding Undesirable Inflammatory Responses of Nucleic Acid-Delivering Lipid Nanoparticles.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- In vivo CAR-M therapy: advancing precision delivery and programmable immune remodeling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Tumor-Induced Splenic Remodeling: Mechanisms of Systemic Immunosuppression and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Deciphering the biological fate of mRNA-LNP-based biologics: A perspective from tissue to intracellular distribution.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- The Status of Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Carriers and Therapeutics.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2026Article
- mRNA vaccines for HBV: Mechanisms, preclinical advances, and therapeutic clinical progress.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Optimizing C14120-based LNPs forMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
160 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics hold great promise for treating diseases and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent the most advanced platform for RNA delivery. However, the fate of the LNP-mRNA after endosome-engulfing and escape from the autophagy-lysosomal pathway remains unclear. To investigate this, mRNA (encoding human erythropoietin) was delivered to cells using LNPs, which shows, for the first time, a link between LNP-mRNA endocytosis and its packaging into extracellular vesicles (endo-EVs: secreted after the endocytosis of LNP-mRNA). Endosomal escape of LNP-mRNA is dependent on the molar ratio between ionizable lipids and mRNA nucleotides. Our results show that fractions of ionizable lipids and mRNA (1:1 molar ratio of hEPO mRNA nucleotides:ionizable lipids) of endocytosed LNPs were detected in endo-EVs. Importantly, these EVs can protect the exogenous mRNA during in vivo delivery to produce human protein in mice, detected in plasma and organs. Compared to LNPs, endo-EVs cause lower expression of inflammatory cytokines.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.