ArticlemBio2019
Population Genomics of GII.4 Noroviruses Reveal Complex Diversification and New Antigenic Sites Involved in the Emergence of Pandemic Strains.
Article in mBio, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular characterization of a rare norovirus GII.8[P8] strain detected during pediatric acute gastroenteritis surveillance in Harbin, China.Virus genes · 2026Article
- Emergence of a novel GII.17 variant is associated with immune evasion rather than an altered HBGA-binding profile.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Large-scale gastroenteritis outbreaks occurring in a university town of Guangzhou city during the global wave of the norovirus in China.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Balancing under constraint: Structural insights into norovirus evolution and antigenic innovation.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Human norovirus GII genotypic diversity in Gwangju, South Korea, based on ORF1-ORF2 junction (RdRp-VP1) analysis from 2020 to 2024.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A Prolonged Norovirus Infection and the Molecular Evolution of Human Norovirus Within-Host in a Child with Burkitt Lymphoma.Viruses · 2026Article
- The emergence and evolutionary advantage of the novel epidemic norovirus GII.17 lineage.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Structural and genetic analysis of neutralizing antibodies reveals mechanisms of GII.4 norovirus antigenic evolution.Research square · 2026Article
- Understanding patterns of variant emergence and spread in an ongoing epidemic.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Clinical, Molecular and Evolutionary Characterization of Noroviruses in Hospitalized Children With Acute Gastroenteritis in Vietnam, 2016 to 2021.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Variable and conserved B cell epitopes of GII.4 human noroviruses.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- GII.17 norovirus re-emerged in the 2020s as a result of dynamic and adaptive evolutionary processes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Molecular Evolution and Epidemiology of Norovirus GII.4 Viruses in the United States.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Highly variable antigenic site located at the apex of GII.4 norovirus capsid protein induces cross-reactive blocking antibodies in a variant-specific manner.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Manipulation of immunodominant variable epitopes of norovirus capsid protein elicited cross-blocking antibodies to different GII.4 variants despite the low potency of the polyclonal sera.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Appearance and spread of norovirus genotype GII.17 subcluster C2 (Romania-2021 like) in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 2021-2023.Archives of virology · 2025Article
- The saga to monitor and control norovirus: the rise of GII.17.The Journal of general virology · 2025Review
- A Decade of Chronic Norovirus Infection Surveillance at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Research Center: Clinical Characteristics, Molecular Epidemiology, and Replication.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Reconstitution of Norovirus-Specific T-Cell Responses Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Inborn Errors of Immunity and Chronic Norovirus Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Persistence of the Immune Response to an Intramuscular Bivalent (GI.1/GII.4) Norovirus Vaccine in Adults.Vaccines · 2025Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
GII.4 noroviruses are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis. Their dominance has been partially explained by the continuous emergence of antigenically distinct variants. To gain insights into the mechanisms of viral emergence and population dynamics of GII.4 noroviruses, we performed large-scale genomics, structural, and mutational analyses of the viral capsid protein (VP1). GII.4 noroviruses exhibited a periodic replacement of predominant variants with accumulation of amino acid substitutions. Genomic analyses revealed (i) a large proportion (87%) of conserved residues; (ii) variable residues that map on the previously determined antigenic sites; and (iii) variable residues that map outside the antigenic sites. Residues in the third pattern category formed motifs on the surface of VP1, which suggested extensions of previously predicted and new uncharacterized antigenic sites. The role of two motifs (C and G) in the antigenic makeup of the GII.4 capsid protein was confirmed with monoclonal antibodies and carbohydrate blocking assays. Amino acid profiles from antigenic sites (A, C, D, E, and G) correlated with the circulation patterns of GII.4 variants, with three of them (A, C, and G) containing residues (352, 357, 368, and 378) linked with the diversifying selective pressure on the emergence of new GII.4 variants. Notably, the emergence of each variant was followed by stochastic diversification with minimal changes that did not progress toward the next variant. This report provides a methodological framework for antigenic characterization of viruses and expands our understanding of the dynamics of GII.4 noroviruses and could facilitate the design of cross-reactive vaccines.
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