ReviewBrain, behavior, and immunity2020
Novel neuroimmunologic therapeutics in depression: A clinical perspective on what we know so far.
Review in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Atypical cytokine profiles in people on the autism spectrum: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis including 54 cytokines.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Augmentation therapy with minocycline in treatment-resistant depression patients with low-grade peripheral inflammation: results from a double-blind randomised clinical trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- The Antidiabetic Metformin as an Adjunct to Antidepressants in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Proof-of-Concept, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2020Trial
- Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms in Depression: From Biomarkers to Anti-Inflammatory Therapy.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- PARP Inhibition with 3-Aminobenzimide Attenuates Behavioral, Cardiovascular, and Neuroinflammatory Effects of Chronic Stress.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- rTMS for treatment resistant depression - a single center community experience.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Moderating effects of individual factors on the relationship between inflammation and psychophysiological states in healthy adults.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Bridging early life trauma to difficult-to-treat depression: scoping review.BJPsych bulletin · 2025Review
- The association of depression and oral microbiota.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cytokine Blockade Attenuates Inflammation and Improves Depressive Psychopathology After COVID-19: A Naturalistic Observational Study.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Observational
- Modulation of neuroimmune cytokine networks by antidepressants: implications in mood regulation.Translational psychiatry · 2025Review
- The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Mediated Changes in Immune Cytokine Expression in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- DAMPs cross-talk interpretation of MDD mechanisms.Science advances · 2025Review
- Possible Association Between Concomitant Use of SSRIs with NSAIDs and an Increased Risk of Adverse Events Among People with Depressive Disorders: Data Mining of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mental Ill-Health in young people with systemic autoinflammatory disease - a scoping review.Rheumatology international · 2025Article
- Preliminary Investigation Into the Antidepressant Effects of a Novel Curcumin Analogue (CACN136) In Vitro and In Vivo.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- The immunological perspective of major depressive disorder: unveiling the interactions between central and peripheral immune mechanisms.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Proteomic patterns associated with ketamine response in major depressive disorders.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Article
- Association of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome with depression and all-cause mortality: a population-based observational study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Depression, one of the most common mental health disorders, is among the leading causes of health-related disability worldwide. Although antidepressant treatment has been available for decades, depression remains largely refractory to the prevailing limited treatment approach of monoamine transmission modulation. Fortunately, recent evidence points to a link between depression and inflammatory factors within the innate and the adaptive immune system. The purpose of this review is to evaluate current and potential clinical immunotherapies for depression, as contextually focused by an immunologic lens of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of depression. The utility of pro-inflammatory cytokines (primarily interleukin-1β, interleukin -6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) is considered in their role as screening biomarkers in prediction of treatment response or nonresponse. The evidence base of numerous recent clinical studies is discussed as related to their antidepressant efficacy and favorable safety profile, with consideration of multiple agents that target inflammatory mechanisms linked to depression including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory pathways (i.e., aspirin, celecoxib), cytokine antagonism (i.e., etanercept, infliximab), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) receptor antagonism (i.e., ketamine), and modulation of kynurenine pathways (i.e., minocycline). Additionally, new and exciting directions in targeting inflammatory mechanisms in the treatment of depression are underway, and future investigation is also warranted to explore the utility of inflammation in diagnosing depression, guiding clinical treatment decision-making, and monitoring disease burden and relapse risk.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.