SynthesisPloS one2019
The role of vitamin D in increasing circulating T regulatory cell numbers and modulating T regulatory cell phenotypes in patients with inflammatory disease or in healthy volunteers: A systematic review.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 156 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on systemic inflammation and disease-specific markers in patients with autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Immune Activation in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Systematic Review and Comparative Analysis With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.United European gastroenterology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood of women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- High- vs. routine-dose vitamin D3 in severe lupus on pulse methylprednisolone: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Trial
- Vitamin D and Marine n-3 Fatty Acids for Autoimmune Disease Prevention: Outcomes Two Years After Completion of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Trial
- Serum and gene expression profile of cytokines following combination of yoga training and vitamin D supplementation in breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial.BMC women's health · 2022Trial
- Maternal Vitamin D Status Correlates to Leukocyte Antigenic Responses in Breastfeeding Infants.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Trial
- A favorable follicular helper CD4+ T cell programming characterizes neutralization activity in chronic HIV infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- From the Perspective of the Peripheral Sensory Nervous System: The Role of Vitamin D in Neurogenic Inflammatory Skin Disorders.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Vitamin D as an Immuno-Endocrine Modulator: Discovering Its Role in Autoimmune Disorders and Host Defense Mechanisms.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- The Role of Vitamin D in Neuropathic Pain: Biological Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Association of serum vitamin D and serum vitamin C with the risk of melanoma among adults in the United States: a cross-sectional analysis of 2003-2006 and 2017-2018 NHANES data.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2026Article
- The promise of immunonutrition in pediatric pulmonary rehabilitation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Vitamin D as an Immune Modulator in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Vitamin D and Chronic Disorders: A Review of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The potential role of 1,25(OH)Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2025Review
- Paricalcitol promotes the maturation of immune granulomas in an experimental model of superoxide dismutase A-induced inflammation.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- Vitamin D exerts endogenous control over TiScience · 2025Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe evidence for vitamin D and other agents that experimentally modulate T regulatory cells (Tregs) for the treatment of patients with autoimmune or allergic diseases has not been established.
objectiveWe have undertaken a systematic review of randomised controlled trials to assess the efficacy of vitamin D, vitamin A, niacin and short-chain fatty acids in enhancing absolute Treg numbers and phenotypes in patients with inflammatory or autoimmune disease.
methodsThis systematic review was conducted using a predefined protocol (PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews, ID = CRD42016048648/ CRD42016048646). Randomised controlled trials of patients with inflammatory or autoimmune disease or healthy participants which compared either oral vitamin D or vitamin A or short-chain fatty acids with control or placebo and measured the absolute concentration of proportion of Tregs were eligible for inclusion. Searches of electronic databases (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PUBMED and Web of Science) identified eight eligible independent trials (seven autoimmune disease trials, one trial of healthy subjects). Data were extracted by two reviewers and the risk of study bias was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration methodology.
resultsPlanned meta-analysis was not possible due to the heterogeneous nature of the studies. Nevertheless, in five trials of autoimmune disorders which measured the proportion of Tregs, a higher proportion was observed in the vitamin D group compared to controls at 12 months in all but one trial. In the trial of healthy subjects, a significant difference was reported, with a higher percentage of Tregs observed in the vitamin D group (at 12 weeks, mean 6.4% (SD 0.8%) (vitamin D) vs 5.5% (1.0%) (placebo). There were no trials to assess the efficacy of vitamin A, niacin and short-chain fatty acids in enhancing absolute Treg numbers.
conclusionsVitamin D supplementation may increase Treg/CD3 ratios in both healthy individuals and patients with autoimmune disorders and may increase Treg function. There remains a need for further suitably powered clinical studies aimed at enhancing Treg numbers and/or function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.