ReviewPsychological medicine2021
The levels problem in psychopathology.
Review in Psychological medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond DSM Categories: Criteria for Biologically Valid Disease Axes in Psychiatry.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- The effect of sleep-wake behaviors on the onset of mania in youth: A computational model.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Article
- Development of a psychobiological nosology for fear and frustration in clinical animal behavior using dogs as a model species.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Philosophy of psychiatry: theoretical advances and clinical implications.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2024Article
- A Comparative Study on Mental Disorder Conceptualization: A Cross-Disciplinary Analysis.Community mental health journal · 2024Article
- The Migration Experience: A Conceptual Framework and Systematic Scoping Review of Psychological Acculturation.Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc · 2024Article
- Introduction: The influence of COVID-19 pandemic policy on child and adolescent mental health: strong signal or mostly noise?Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Academie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent · 2023Article
- A cultural-ecosocial systems view for psychiatry.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Article
- The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) Is Not an Improvement Over the DSM.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2022Article
- Depressive symptom complexes of community-dwelling older adults: a latent network model.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Article
- Computational Psychiatry Needs Time and Context.Annual review of psychology · 2022Review
- Why mental disorders are brain disorders. And why they are not: ADHD and the challenges of heterogeneity and reification.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Integration and Causality in Enactive Approaches to Psychiatry.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Comment on: Eronen MI (2019). The levels problem in psychopathology.Psychological medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are studied at multiple levels, but there is no agreement on how these levels are related to each other, or how they should be understood in the first place. In this paper, I provide an account of levels and their relationships that is suited for psychopathology, drawing from recent debates in philosophy of science. Instead of metaphysical issues, the focus is on delivering an understanding of levels that is relevant and useful for scientific practice. I also defend a pragmatic approach to the question of reduction, arguing that even in-principle reductionists should embrace pluralism in practice. Finally, I discuss the benefits and challenges in integrating explanations and models of different levels.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.