ArticleEuropean journal of public health2020
Does country-level gender equality explain individual risk of intimate partner violence against women? A multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA) in the European Union.
Article in European journal of public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Complex Expressions of Power. Aspects of Gender in/Equality in Violent Intimate Relationships in Sweden.Violence against women · 2026Article
- The Role of Intersectionality and Context in Measuring Gender-Based Violence in Universities and Research-Performing Organizations in Europe for the Development of Inclusive Structural Interventions.Violence against women · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic conditions and children's mental health and quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic: An intersectional analysis.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Gender-based Structural Stigma and Intimate Partner Violence Across 28 Countries: A Population-based Study of Women Across Sexual Orientation, Immigration Status, and Socioeconomic Status.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2022Article
- Decomposing intersectional inequalities in subjective physical and mental health by sex, gendered practices and immigration status in a representative panel study from Germany.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Undoing the 'Nordic Paradox': Factors affecting rates of disclosed violence against women across the EU.PloS one · 2021Article
- Is the 'Nordic Paradox' an illusion? Measuring intimate partner violence against women in Europe.International journal of public health · 2020Article
- Article
- Psychological intimate partner violence against women in the European Union: a cross-national invariance study.BMC public health · 2019Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundGender equality is widely accepted as an important explanatory factor for the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. However, the relationship is not straightforward, as high country-level gender equality is not always associated with lower IPV prevalence. We apply 'multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy' (MAIHDA) to (i) quantify the extent to which the country of residence determines individual risk of IPV and (ii) investigate the association between country-level gender equality and individual experience of IPV, and to which extent this association explains the observed between-country differences.
methodsUsing data from the 2012 European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights survey on violence against women we applied MAIHDA to analyse experiences of physical and sexual IPV among 42 000 women living in the EU. We fitted three consecutive models, and calculated specific individual contextual effects (measures of association) as well as the general contextual effects (measures of variance) and the discriminatory accuracy (DA).
resultsOur findings show that the relationship between experiences of IPV and country-level gender equality is weak and heterogeneous. The general contextual effect is small and the DA is low, indicating that country boundaries are rather irrelevant for understanding the individual risk of IPV.
conclusionsFindings from the present study do not imply that that gender equality is unimportant in relation to IPV, but rather that information on country of residence or country-level gender equality does not discriminate very well with regards to individual experiences of IPV in cross-national comparisons.
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