ReviewNature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology2019
Restoring, releasing or replacing adaptive immunity in chronic hepatitis B.
Review in Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- CD8MedComm · 2026Review
- Engineering a dual-antigen mRNA vaccine to restore immune control in chronic hepatitis B.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Clonal amplification of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is associated with clinical response to checkpoint blockade in chronic hepatitis B.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Article
- Article
- Autoantibody profiles and fibrosis indices across HBV-related disease stages: a retrospective laboratory-based study in a tertiary hospital in China.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Functional immune responses induced by a capsid assembly modulator in chronic hepatitis B virus-infected humanized mice.Cell host & microbe · 2026Article
- Article
- Screening and validating HBV mother-to-child transmission-related lncRNAs based on the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- From exhaustion to functional cure: frontiers in reversing HBV-specific T-cell immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine employing DNA prime - MVA boost scheme requires additional priming with recombinant HBsAg to elicit an adequate antibody response.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Exploring the partial immunological mechanisms of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with hepatitis B and tuberculosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and management of pegylated interferon-α toxicity in chronic hepatitis B.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Tissue-resident memory CD8Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- The significance of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen in infection and clearance of hepatitis B virus.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Innate immune recognition in hepatitis B virus infection.Virulence · 2025Review
- Anti-HBc IgM associates with acute flare and HBeAg/HBsAg loss in chronic hepatitis B patients with acute exacerbation.Virulence · 2025Article
- HBV Suppression by Nucleos(t)ide Analogues Reduces PD-1 Expression on Liver-Resident T Cells.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2025Article
- CD4Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Advancing therapeutic vaccines for chronic hepatitis B: Integrating reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple new therapeutic approaches are currently being developed to achieve sustained, off-treatment suppression of HBV, a persistent hepatotropic infection that kills ~2,000 people a day. A fundamental therapeutic goal is the restoration of robust HBV-specific adaptive immune responses that are able to maintain prolonged immunosurveillance of residual infection. Here, we provide insight into key components of successful T cell and B cell responses to HBV, discussing the importance of different specificities and effector functions, local intrahepatic immunity and pathogenic potential. We focus on the parallels and interactions between T cell and B cell responses, highlighting emerging areas for future investigation. We review the potential for different immunotherapies in development to restore or release endogenous adaptive immunity by direct or indirect approaches, including limitations and risks. Finally, we consider an alternative HBV treatment strategy of replacing failed endogenous immunity with infusions of highly targeted T cells or antibodies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
31548710What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.