Trial reportEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2019
Rate of change of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D following sublingual and capsular vitamin D preparations.
Trial report in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D deficiency and immune health in polar populations: a systematic review and hypothesis-driven narrative analysis.Immunologic research · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of Vitamin DNutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Vitamin D supplementation in people with IBS has no effect on symptom severity and quality of life: results of a randomised controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Investigating the Efficiency of Vitamin D Administration with Buccal Spray in the Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency in Children and AdolescentsJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2021Trial
- Efficiency of Vitamin D Supplementation in Healthy Adults is Associated with Body Mass Index and Baseline Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Improved bioavailability of buccal nanoemulsion vitamin D compared to conventional oral supplementation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Vitamin D levels of the healthy infants using oral spray or drop form of vitamin D supplement in the first year of life.Northern clinics of Istanbul · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVitamin D is critical for skeletal health, and is increasingly associated with other pathologies encompassing gastrointestinal, immunological and psychological effects. A significant proportion of the population exhibits suboptimal levels of vitamin D, particularly in Northern latitudes in winter. Supplementation is advocated, but few data are available on achievable or typical rates of change. There has been considerable interest in the potential use of sublingual sprays for delivery of nutrient supplements, but data on efficacy remain sparse.
methodsA randomised, placebo-controlled, three-arm parallel design study was conducted in healthy volunteers (n = 75) to compare the rate of change of vitamin D status in response to vitamin D3 (3000 IU/day) supplementation in capsule and sublingual spray preparations over a 6-week period between January and April 2017. Blood 25(OH)D concentrations were measured after day 0, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 42 days of supplementation with 3000 IU per diem.
resultsBaseline measurements show 25(OH)D deficiency (<30 nmol/l), insufficiency (31-46 nmol/l) and sufficiency (> 50 mmol/l) in 14.9, 44.6 and 40.5% of the participants, respectively. There was a significant elevation in blood concentrations of 25(OH)D in both of the treatment arms (capsule p = 0.003, spray p = 0.001) compared with control. The capsule and spray were equally efficacious. The rate of change ranged from 0.69 to 3.93 (capsule) and 0.64 to 3.34 (spray) nmol/L day with average change in blood 25(OH)D levels of 2 nmol/l/day. Rates followed a simple normal distribution in the study population (ks = 0.94 and 0.82 for capsule and spray, respectively). The data suggest that rates of change are higher in individuals with lower levels of 25(OH)D.
conclusionsA sublingual vitamin D spray is an effective mode of delivery for supplementation in a healthy population. The data provide reference values and ranges for the rate of change of 25(OH)D for nutrikinetic analyses.
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