ReviewAntibodies (Basel, Switzerland)2017
Antagonist Anti-CD28 Therapeutics for the Treatment of Autoimmune Disorders.
Review in Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment with saturating dose of conventional anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody well tolerated in pig acute myocardial infarction model.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Structure-based virtual screening identifies potent CD28 inhibitors that suppress T cell co-stimulation in cellular and mucosal models.European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Sequential immunotherapy: towards cures for autoimmunity.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024Review
- Immunotherapy and biomarkers in patients with lung cancer with tuberculosis: Recent advances and future Directions.iScience · 2023Review
- Peripheral CD8+CD28+ T lymphocytes predict the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in cancer patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Association of the CD28 markers with the disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.F1000Research · 2023Article
- Ligation of Na, K ATPase β3 subunit on monocytes by a specific monoclonal antibody mediates T cell hypofunction.PloS one · 2018Article
- First report of expansion of CD4Hematology, transfusion and cell therapyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The effector functions of T lymphocytes are responsible for most autoimmune disorders and act by directly damaging tissues or by indirectly promoting inflammation and antibody responses. Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory T cell receptor molecules are the primary pharmacological targets that enable interference with immune-mediated diseases. Among these, selective CD28 antagonists have drawn special interest, since they tip the co-stimulation/co-inhibition balance towards efficiently inhibiting effector T cells while promoting suppression by pre-existing regulatory T-cells. After having demonstrated outstanding therapeutic efficacy in multiple models of autoimmunity, inflammation and transplantation, and safety in phase-I studies in humans, selective CD28 antagonists are currently in early clinical development for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematous and rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we review the available proof of concept studies for CD28 antagonists in autoimmunity, with a special focus on the mechanisms of action.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.