ArticleNutrients2019
Functional Expression of Choline Transporters in the Blood-Brain Barrier.
Article in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of egg yolk choline intake on cognitive functions and plasma choline levels in healthy middle-aged and older Japanese: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled parallel-group study.Lipids in health and disease · 2023Trial
- Ethanolamine as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for depressive disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Choline-dependent methionine metabolism supports leukemia progression.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Computational Quantification of Peristalsis in Preclinical Mouse Models Using Smartphone Videography.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2026Article
- A proimmunotoxin nanodrug targeting AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Article
- Changes in gut, microbiome, and cognition after doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and paclitaxel chemotherapy treatment.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Novel insights into choline's role in promoting myofiber hypertrophy and mitochondrial function in muscle of sub-adult grass carp (Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2025Article
- Gut: The gate and key to brain.Chinese medical journal · 2025Review
- Microbial Metabolomes in Alzheimer's Disease: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Potential.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Multiomics approach provides insight into altered choline metabolism and liver injury in patients with glycogen storage disease type Ia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Bacteriophage-derived endolysins restore antibiotic susceptibility in β-lactam- and macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae infections.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Cellular and organismal function of choline metabolism.Nature metabolism · 2025Review
- A data-mining analysis of host solute carrier family proteins in SARS-CoV-2 infection with reference to brain endothelial cells and the blood-brain barrier in COVID-19.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- The emerging roles of neuroactive components produced by gut microbiota.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- Innovative Formulation Platform: Paving the Way for Superior Protein Therapeutics with Enhanced Efficacy and Broadened Applications.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2024Review
- Effect of VAChT reduction on lung alterations induced by exposure to iron particles in an asthma model.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2024Article
- Brain-targeted drug delivery - nanovesicles directed to specific brain cells by brain-targeting ligands.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Disease: Multi-Pathway Effects and Therapeutic Potential.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Article
- Ionic liquid-coated lipid nanoparticles increase siRNA uptake into CNS targets.Nanoscale advances · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cholinergic neurons in the central nervous system play a vital role in higher brain functions, such as learning and memory. Choline is essential for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine by cholinergic neurons. The synthesis and metabolism of acetylcholine are important mechanisms for regulating neuronal activity. Choline is a positively charged quaternary ammonium compound that requires transporters to pass through the plasma membrane. Currently, there are three groups of choline transporters with different characteristics, such as affinity for choline, tissue distribution, and sodium dependence. They include (I) polyspecific organic cation transporters (OCT1-3: SLC22A1-3) with a low affinity for choline, (II) high-affinity choline transporter 1 (CHT1: SLC5A7), and (III) choline transporter-like proteins (CTL1-5: SLC44A1-5). Brain microvascular endothelial cells, which comprise part of the blood-brain barrier, take up extracellular choline via intermediate-affinity choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) and low-affinity CTL2 transporters. CTL2 is responsible for excreting a high concentration of choline taken up by the brain microvascular endothelial cells on the brain side of the blood-brain barrier. CTL2 is also highly expressed in mitochondria and may be involved in the oxidative pathway of choline metabolism. Therefore, CTL1- and CTL2-mediated choline transport to the brain through the blood-brain barrier plays an essential role in various functions of the central nervous system by acting as the rate-limiting step of cholinergic neuronal activity.
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