ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
The Roles of Sex Hormones in the Course of Atopic Dermatitis.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is Atopic Dermatitis Associated with Systemic Metabolic Disturbances? A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Low serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and testosterone in Albanian female patients with allergic disease.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Topical administration of testosterone ameliorates atopic dermatitis of KFRS4 rats.Experimental animals · 2026Article
- Sexual dimorphism in epidermal stem cell dynamics.Nature · 2026Article
- Atopic Dermatitis Beyond Cutaneous Inflammation: The Interplay Between Progesterone, Testosterone, Gut Microbiota, and Immune Dysregulation.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Prevalence, Severity, and Clinical Course of Atopic Dermatitis in Japan: A Web-Based Questionnaire Survey.The Journal of dermatology · 2026Article
- Sweat components as a promising monitoring tool for systemic diseases.The journal of physiological sciences : JPS · 2026Review
- Sociodemographic Disparities in Atopic Dermatitis Prevalence in Spain.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Effects of Activin A on Cytokine Expression in Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes Under Atopic Dermatitis-Like Conditions.Annals of dermatology · 2026Article
- Residential greenness and atopic dermatitis in Japanese children: Findings from the TMM BirThree cohort study.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Article
- Association Between Atopic Dermatitis and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index: Evidence From NHANES 1999-2006.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Genome-wide association study of atopic and autoimmune comorbidities in alopecia areata.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Investigating tralokinumab-related adverse events in treating atopic dermatitis: insights from the FAERS database.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Sex hormone-psoriasis interactions: from sex-specific clinical features to immunoregulatory mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Retrospective Study of Severe Atopic Disease in Young Children (0-5 Years) Managed with Dupilumab Highlights Significant Comorbidities.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Real-World Prevalence and Associated Factors of Nipple Eczema in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis.Annals of dermatology · 2025Article
- Hormonal Crosstalk in Melasma: Unraveling the Dual Roles of Estrogen and Progesterone in Melanogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Prenatal exposure to environmental phenolic compounds and their association with childhood atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis in the ECHO cohort.Environment international · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Oxidative Stress Concerning Allergic Diseases.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Gender and Allergy: Mechanisms, Clinical Phenotypes, and Therapeutic Response-A Position Paper from the Società Italiana di Allergologia, Asma ed Immunologia Clinica (SIAAIC).International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by T helper 2 cell (Th2)-shifted abnormal immunity, skin barrier impairment, and pruritus. The prevalence of AD in childhood is slightly higher in boys than in girls; after puberty, the sexual difference is reversed. The female preponderance in all generations exists in intrinsic AD with enhanced Th1 activity and nickel allergy, lacking increased serum IgE or filaggrin mutation. AD is often deteriorated before menstruation. We review the effects of sex hormones on immune responses and skin permeability barrier and propose possible hypotheses for the above phenomena. After puberty, the immune responses of patients are remarkably influenced by sex hormones. Estrogen and progesterone enhance the activities of Th2/regulatory T cell (Treg) but suppress Th1/Th17. Androgens suppress Th1/Th2/Th17 and induce Treg. The skin permeability barrier is fortified by estrogen but is impaired by progesterone and androgens. Dehydroepiandrosterone suppresses Th2 but enhances Th1. The amount of steroid sulfatase converting dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate to dehydroepiandrosterone is higher in women than in men, and thus, women might be more susceptible to the influence of dehydroepiandrosterone. The balance of modulatory effects of sex hormones on immune responses and skin barrier might regulate the course of AD.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.