SynthesisPloS one2019
Global smoking trends in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review of inception cohorts.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preferences, Expectations and Management Satisfaction in IBD Patients: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What Are the Differences?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Before and After 1990.Gastro hep advances · 2023Article
- Risk of inflammatory bowel disease in uveitis patients: a population-based cohort study.Eye (London, England) · 2022Article
- Effect of smoking on the development and outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease in Taiwan: a hospital-based cohort study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Serum Albumin to Globulin Ratio is Associated with the Presence and Severity of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Article
- Associations of Lifestyle Factors with Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in Polish Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Impact of Cigarette Smoking on the Risk of Osteoporosis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- The impact of tobacco smoking on treatment choice and efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease.Intestinal research · 2021Review
- Environmental factors associated with biological use and surgery in inflammatory bowel disease.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2021Article
- Do Only Calcium and Vitamin D Matter? Micronutrients in the Diet of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Patients and the Risk of Osteoporosis.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Ulcerative colitis: Recent advances in the understanding of disease pathogenesis.F1000Research · 2020Review
- Elevated plasma cotinine is associated with an increased risk of developing IBD, especially among users of combusted tobacco.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsThe effect of smoking on the risk of developing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) may be heterogeneous across ethnicity and geography. Although trends in smoking for the general population are well described, it is unknown whether these can be extrapolated to the IBD cohort. Smoking prevalence trends specific to the global IBD cohort over time have not been previously reported. This is a systematic review of smoking prevalence specific to the IBD cohort across geography.
methodsA systematic literature search was conducted on Medline and Embase from January 1st 1946 to April 5th 2018 to identify population-based studies assessing the prevalence of smoking at diagnosis in inception cohorts of Crohn's disease(CD) or ulcerative colitis(UC). Studies that did not report smoking data from time of diagnosis or the year of IBD diagnosis were excluded. Prevalence of smoking in IBD was stratified by geography and across time.
resultsWe identified 56 studies that were eligible for inclusion. Smoking prevalence data at diagnosis of CD and UC was collected from twenty and twenty-five countries respectively. Never-smokers in the newly diagnosed CD population in the West has increased over the last two decades, especially in the United Kingdom and Sweden; +26.6% and +11.2% respectively. Never-smokers at CD diagnosis in newly industrialised nations have decreased over the 1990s and 2000s; China (-19.36%). Never-smokers at UC diagnosis also decreased in China; -15.4%. The former-smoker population at UC diagnosis in China is expanding; 11%(1990-2006) to 34%(2011-2013).
conclusionThere has been a reduction in the prevalence of smoking in the IBD cohort in the West. This is not consistent globally. Although, smoking prevalence has decreased in the general population of newly industrialised nations, this remains an important risk factor with longer term outcomes awaiting translation in both UC and CD.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.