Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31543191›Full record

ReviewIndian heart journal

Lipoprotein(a): An underrecognized genetic risk factor for malignant coronary artery disease in young Indians.

Enas A Enas, Basil Varkey, T S Dharmarajan, Guillaume Pare, Vinay K Bahl

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Indian heart journal. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.2field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Lipoprotein(a) and premature myocardial infarction: Mechanistic insights and implications for PCI-era residual risk.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026
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  16. Lipoprotein a - Lp(a).Indian heart journal · 2024
    Review
  17. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Enas A EnasCoronary Artery Disease in Indians (CADI) Research Foundation, Lisle, IL, USA. Electronic address: cadiusa.org@gmail.com.
Basil VarkeyMedical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
T S DharmarajanAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Guillaume PareMcMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Vinay K BahlDepartment of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Albert Einstein College of Medicine · USAll India Institute of Medical Sciences · INMcMaster University · CAMedical College of Wisconsin · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Malignant coronary artery disease (CAD) refers to a severe and extensive atherosclerotic process involving multiple coronary arteries in young individuals (aged <45 years in men and <50 years in women) with a low or no burden of established risk factors. Indians, in general, develop acute myocardial infarction (AMI) about 10 years earlier; AMI rates are threefold to fivefold higher in young Indians than in other populations. Although established CAD risk factors have a predictive value, they do not fully account for the excessive burden of CAD in young Indians. Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is increasingly recognized as the strongest known genetic risk factor for premature CAD, with high levels observed in Indians with malignant CAD. High Lp(a) levels confer a twofold to threefold risk of CAD-a risk similar to that of established risk factors, including diabetes. South Asians have the second highest Lp(a) levels and the highest risk of AMI from the elevated levels, more than double the risk observed in people of European descent. Approximately 25% of Indians and other South Asians have elevated Lp(a) levels (≥50 mg/dl), rendering Lp(a) a risk factor of great importance, similar to or surpassing diabetes. Lp(a) measurement is ready for clinical use and should be an essential part of all CAD research in Indians.

Indexed as

AdultCoronary Artery DiseaseEthnicityFemaleHumansHyperlipoproteinemiasIndiaLipoprotein(a)MaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsLipoprotein(a)Acute coronary syndromeAcute myocardial infarctionASCVD risk enhancing factorCardiovascular diseaseCoronary artery diseaseIndiansLipoprotein(a)Lp(a)-yearsMalignant coronary artery diseaseMendelian randomizationStandardized mortality ratio

Identifiers

PMID31543191
PMCPMC6796644
OpenAlexW2942748655

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.