ArticleJournal of health communication2019
An Efficient Message Evaluation Protocol: Two Empirical Analyses on Positional Effects and Optimal Sample Size.
Article in Journal of health communication, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Do Perceived Message Effectiveness Ratings Change in Response to Repeated Message Exposures?Health communication · 2025Trial
- Identifying Promising Message Themes for Youth Who Use Multiple Tobacco Products.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2025Trial
- Greenwashed Cigarette Ad Text and Imagery Produce Inaccurate Harm, Addictiveness, and Nicotine Content Perceptions: Results From a Randomized Online Experiment.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Young Adult Responses to Peer Crowd-Based Targeting in E-cigarette Advertisements: An Experimental Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Trial
- Advancing Support for Electronic Cigarette Control Policies in the United States: The Impact of Theory-Based Messaging Strategies.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Smoking cessation message testing to inform app-based interventions for young adults - an online experiment.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Portable EEG in groups shows increased brain coupling to strong health messages.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2024Article
- An Overview of Innovative Approaches to Support Timely and Agile Health Communication Research and Practice.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Health Message Generation: The Folic Acid Message Engine.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Article
- Rating the Valence of Media Content about Electronic Cigarettes Using Crowdsourcing: Testing Rater Instructions and Estimating the Optimal Number of Raters.Health communication · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Reliable and valid message evaluation has a central role in effective health communication and message effects research. The authors have employed a message testing protocol to efficiently acquire valid and reliable message evaluation results: (a) use multiple messages, (b) recruit evaluators from the target population, (c) use valid and reliable effectiveness measures, (d) expose an evaluator to multiple messages, and (e) ensure enough evaluations per message. Two secondary analyses of anti-tobacco message evaluation studies provide evidence for reliability and validity regarding points (d) and (e). Seven studies where adult smokers evaluated the effectiveness of various anti-smoking campaign messages were examined. The first analysis shows that the position in which a message appears has little or no impact on its evaluation, supporting the validity of multiple-exposure design. The second analysis suggests having 25 evaluations per message can achieve a fair balance between accuracy and efficiency.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.