Observational studyCirculation2019
Trends in Survival After Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in the United States.
Observational study in Circulation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 165 citations in OpenAlex.
- 2025 Korean Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Part 7. Pediatric basic life support.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2026Guideline
- Part 4: Systems of Care: 2025 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care.Circulation · 2025Guideline
- Conventional versus hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystanders for pediatrics with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Cardiology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Survival of pediatric patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation for in-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Association of EEG characteristics with outcomes following pediatric ICU cardiac arrest: A secondary analysis of the ICU-RESUScitation trial.Resuscitation · 2024Trial
- Association of CPR simulation program characteristics with simulated and actual performance during paediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest.Resuscitation · 2023Trial
- Effectiveness of a Novel Tablet Application in Reducing Guideline Deviations During Pediatric Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Acute kidney injury after in-hospital cardiac arrest.Resuscitation · 2021Trial
- A National Pediatric Cohort Study on In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Sweden.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · 2026Observational
- Intra- and Peri-Operative Cardiac Arrest in Pediatric Patients: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Mechanisms, and Management Strategies.Paediatric anaesthesia · 2026Review
- Trends in Regionalization of Pediatric Inpatient and Critical Care by Medical Complexity.Hospital pediatrics · 2026Article
- Quality improvement: prevention of cardiac arrest in children with heart disease on the paediatric intensive care unit.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Comparison of vasopressin to epinephrine during pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest: survival and physiologic responsiveness.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Time to extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation flow and outcomes in paediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest: a 12-year single-centre study.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Updated pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a comprehensive review of the 2025 guidelines.Anesthesia and pain medicine · 2026Review
- Clinical outcomes of cardiac arrest in pediatric patients presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan: a retrospective cohort study.International journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Chest compression metrics during infant basic life support using 15:2 and 10:2 compression-ventilation ratios: a randomized crossover simulation study.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Prediction of Adverse Events in Single Ventricle Physiology Infants Using Artificial Intelligence Tools.Critical care explorations · 2026Article
- Assessing Pediatric CPR Practices in the Prehospital Setting: EMS Clinician Experience, Perceptions, and Resource Utilization.Pediatric emergency care · 2026Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCardiac arrest in hospitalized children is associated with poor outcomes, but no contemporary study has reported whether the trends in survival have changed over time. In this study, we examined temporal trends in survival for pediatric patients with an in-hospital pulseless cardiac arrest and pediatric patients with a nonpulseless cardiopulmonary resuscitation event from 2000 to 2018.
methodsThis was an observational study of hospitalized pediatric patients (≤18 years of age) who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation from January 2000 to December 2018 and were included in the Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation registry, a United States-based in-hospital cardiac arrest registry. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge, and the secondary outcome was return of spontaneous circulation (binary outcomes). Generalized estimation equations were used to obtain unadjusted trends in outcomes over time. Separate analyses were performed for patients with a pulseless cardiac arrest and patients with a nonpulseless event (bradycardia with poor perfusion) requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A subgroup analysis was conducted for shockable versus nonshockable initial rhythms in pulseless events.
resultsA total of 7433 patients with a pulseless cardiac arrest and 5751 patients with a nonpulseless event were included for the analyses. For pulseless cardiac arrests, survival was 19% (95% CI, 11%-29%) in 2000 and 38% (95% CI, 34%-43%) in 2018, with an absolute change of 0.67% (95% CI, 0.40%-0.95%;
conclusionsSurvival has improved for pediatric events requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the United States, with a 19% absolute increase in survival for in-hospital pulseless cardiac arrests and a 9% absolute increase in survival for nonpulseless events between 2000 and 2018. However, survival from pulseless cardiac arrests appeared to have reached a plateau following 2010.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.