ArticleBMJ open2019
Workplace violence and its aftermath in China's health sector: implications from a cross-sectional survey across three tiers of the health system.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Turnover intention among primary health workers in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2020Pooled it
- A combined behavioural economics- and simulation-based medical education to promote effectiveness among medical residents in coping with workplace violence in Northern China: a quasi-experimental study.BMC public health · 2022Trial
- Risk Assessment of Workplace Violence Against Nurses: How Data Collection Methods Influence Results-A Swedish and Italian Cross-Sectional Study.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
- Violence and abuse towards general practice staff by patients and the public: a scoping review.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025Article
- Workplace Violence, Self-Perceived Resilience and Associations with Turnover Intention Among Emergency Department Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Quantitative evaluation of policy texts of hospital workplace violence prevention and control in China: based on the PMC-Index model.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Measuring the Risk of Violence Through Health Surveillance.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Violence against healthcare professionals: perspective of local focal points in the south of Portugal.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Knowledge and Consequences of Violence Against Health Professionals in Southern Portugal.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2024Article
- Pathways linking workplace violence and suicidal ideation/non-suicidal self-injury among nurse staff: the mediating role of loneliness and depressive symptoms.BMC nursing · 2024Article
- Assessing Workplace Violence: Methodological Considerations.La Medicina del lavoro · 2024Article
- Factors associated with workplace violence against Chinese healthcare workers: an online cross-sectional survey.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Workplace violence against Chinese licensed doctors: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Workplace violence against COVID-19 front-line healthcare workers versus non-front-line in Hangzhou, China: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- ViSHWaS: Violence Study of Healthcare Workers and Systems-a global survey.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- Understanding workplace violence against medical staff in China: a retrospective review of publicly available reports.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Collective Violence against Health Workers in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2023Article
- Development and Validation of Questionnaires to Assess Workplace Violence Risk Factors (QAWRF): A Tripartite Perspective of Worksite-Specific Determinants in Healthcare Settings.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2023Article
- Spillover effects of violent attacks and COVID-19 exposure on mental health of health professionals: A two-phase quasi-natural experiments study in Northwest China.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2023Article
- Quality of working life of medical doctors and associated risk factors: a cross-sectional survey in public hospitals in China.BMJ open · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo determine the prevalence of physical violence and threats against health workers and the aftermath in tertiary, secondary and primary care facilities in China.
designA cross-sectional questionnaire study.
setting5 tertiary hospitals, 8 secondary hospitals and 32 primary care facilities located in both urban and rural areas of Zhejiang Province, China, were chosen as the study sites.
participantsA total of 4862 health workers who have contact with patients completed a survey from July 2016 to July 2017. OUTCOME MEASURES: The prevalence of physical violence, threats and Yi Nao, specific forms of physical violence and their aftermath were measured by a self-designed and verified questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between perceived organisational encouragement of reporting workplace violence (WPV) and physical violence, threats and Yi Nao after controlling for age, sex, level of facility, professional ranking and type of health worker.
resultsAmong all respondents, 224 (4.6%) were physically attacked and 848 (17.4%) experienced threats in the past year. Respondents in secondary hospitals were more likely to experience physical violence (AOR=3.29, 95% CI 2.21 to 4.89), threats (AOR=1.61, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.98) and Yi Nao (AOR=2.47, 95% CI 2.10 to 2.91), compared with primary care providers. Lack of organisational policies to report WPV was associated with higher likelihood of physical violence (AOR=3.64, 95% CI 2.57 to 5.18) and threats (AOR=2.21, 95% CI 1.76 to 2.78). Among physical violence cases, only 29.1% reported the attack to police mainly because most felt it useless to do so (58.8%). Only 25.7% were investigated and 72.4% of attackers received no punishment. Of all those attacked or threatened, 59.4% wanted to quit current post and 76.0% were fearful of dealing with urgent or severe cases.
conclusionsProper management of the aftermath of violence against health workers is inadequate. Formal guidelines for reporting and managing WPV are urgently needed.
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