ArticleBMJ open2019
Ethnic disparities in prevalence and patterns of smoking and nicotine dependence in rural southwest China: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disparities in smoking behaviors between Han and Yi: a cross-sectional survey study in Sichuan, China.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Tobacco dependence and associated factors among smokers aged 15 years and older in Wuxi, China: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Association between depressive symptoms and smoking intensity with ethnic minorities in Yunnan Province, China: a moderated mediation model.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Ethnic differences in prevalence and behaviors of smoking and their association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among the elderly in rural southwest China: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Prevalence of nicotine dependence among smokers aged 40 years and older in China.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Perceived Determinants of Health-Related Behaviors Among Patients with Coronary Heart Disease After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study.Patient preference and adherence · 2024Article
- Tobacco exposure and alcohol drinking prevalence and associations with hypertension in rural southwest China: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Association between ethnicity and health knowledge among the floating population in China.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2022Article
- Assessing Sex, Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, Race, Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, and Mental Health Concerns in Tobacco Use Disorder Treatment Research: Measurement Challenges and Recommendations From a Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Pre-conference Workshop.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study examines ethnic disparities in prevalence and patterns of smoking and nicotine dependence in rural southwest China.
designThis was a cross-sectional design.
settingThis study was conducted in rural Yunnan Province of China.
participants7027 consenting individuals aged ≥35 years among Han majority and four ethnic minority groups (Na Xi, Li Shu, Dai and Jing Po) participated in this study. Information about participants' demographic characteristics as well as smoking habits and an assessment of nicotine dependence with the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was obtained using a standard questionnaire.
resultsMales had significantly higher prevalence of current smoking than females (64.8% and 44.4%, p<0.01). Among current smokers, the prevalence of nicotine dependence was significantly higher in males compared with females (19.9% and 7.1%, p<0.01). Jing Po men and women had the highest prevalence of current smokers (72.2% vs 23.1%, p<0.01), whereas the highest prevalence of nicotine dependence was found in male Dai current smokers and female Li Shu current smokers (44.8% vs 32.5%, p<0.01). Filtered cigarettes were the most popular form of tobacco used across all five ethnic groups. Over 75% of tobacco users initiated smoking and regularly smoked during adolescence, and those of minority ethnicity smoked regularly at a younger age than those of Han descent (p<0.05). Individuals in all five ethnic groups with higher levels of education had a lower probability of current smoking status (p<0.05), whereas a negative association of level of education with nicotine dependence was only observed in current smokers in the Han majority and Dai ethnic minority groups. Among Han majority current smokers, higher annual household income was associated with a higher risk of nicotine dependence (p<0.05).
conclusionFuture interventions to control tobacco use should be tailored to address ethnicity and socioeconomic factors.
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