ArticleImmunity2019
MHC Class II Antigen Presentation by the Intestinal Epithelium Initiates Graft-versus-Host Disease and Is Influenced by the Microbiota.
Article in Immunity, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 169 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
169 citing papers in PubMed, 243 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fecal microbiota transplantation to prevent acute graft-versus-host disease: pre-planned interim analysis of donor effect.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Phase 2 study of natalizumab plus standard corticosteroid treatment for high-risk acute graft-versus-host disease.Blood advances · 2023Trial
- Reversing Macrophage Immunometabolic Dysfunction in Prolonged Infections Via a Glutaminolysis-Fueled Restoration-Based Hierarchically Selective Therapeutic System.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Intestinal Epithelial MHC-II at the Interface of Microbiota, Immunity, and Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Designing immune reconstitution to prevent graft-versus-host disease: a novel therapeutic paradigm beyond T cell suppression.International journal of hematology · 2026Review
- SPHK1 deficiency promotes intestinal homeostasis by ameliorating ER stress-induced gastrointestinal injury during murine graft-versus-host disease.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- The intestinal microbiota as a key modulator of acute graft-versus-host disease.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Article
- Structural immunity: immune cells as architects of tissue barriers.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Weaning drives microbiome-mediated epigenetic regulation to shape immune memory in mice.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Timekeepers of the gut: host circadian rhythms and microbial modulators.Life metabolism · 2026Review
- Article
- An image-based transcriptomics atlas reveals the regional and microbiota-dependent molecular, cellular, and spatial structure of the murine gut.Cell host & microbe · 2026Article
- Stem-like memory-T maintenance and differentiation into tissue-resident T cells sustain chronic graft-versus-host disease in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Oesophageal Epithelial Cell-Intrinsic MHCII Regulates Food Antigen-Dependent Eosinophilic Esophagitis in an IFNγ-Dependent Manner.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026Article
- Acute gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease is associated with reductions of secondary bile acids following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Monocytic Cell Variations in Postallotransplant Environment: Balancing Graft Versus Host Disease and Graft-Versus-Leukemia Effect.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Gene-Environment Interactions in Celiac Disease: The Role of the Intestinal Epithelium.Lifestyle genomics · 2026Review
- Epigenetic regulation in transplant rejection and tolerance: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Gastrointestinal acute graft versus host disease: a translational perspective from pathogenesis to precision prevention and treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
109 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the principal determinant of lethality following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Here, we examined the mechanisms that initiate GVHD, including the relevant antigen-presenting cells. MHC class II was expressed on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) within the ileum at steady state but was absent from the IECs of germ-free mice. IEC-specific deletion of MHC class II prevented the initiation of lethal GVHD in the GI tract. MHC class II expression on IECs was absent from mice deficient in the TLR adaptors MyD88 and TRIF and required IFNγ secretion by lamina propria lymphocytes. IFNγ responses are characteristically driven by IL-12 secretion from myeloid cells. Antibiotic-mediated depletion of the microbiota inhibited IL-12/23p40 production by ileal macrophages. IL-12/23p40 neutralization prevented MHC class II upregulation on IECs and initiation of lethal GVHD in the GI tract. Thus, MHC class II expression by IECs in the ileum initiates lethal GVHD, and blockade of IL-12/23p40 may represent a readily translatable therapeutic strategy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.