Trial reportAmerican journal of preventive medicine2019
Randomized Trial of Low-Nicotine Cigarettes and Transdermal Nicotine.
Trial report in American journal of preventive medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02301325 (Project 1, Study 2), which is not on this map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Project 1, Study 2: The Combined Impact of Nicotine Replacement and Spectrum Cigarettes
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Compensatory Smoking With Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2026Pooled it
- Regulatory Approaches and Implementation of Minimally Addictive Combusted Products.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Pooled it
- Cardiopulmonary effects of very low nicotine content cigarettes with and without access to e-cigarettes in vulnerable populations.Preventive medicine · 2025Trial
- Effects of very low nicotine content cigarettes and concurrent provision of e-cigarettes on symptoms of depression and anxiety.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- The Impact of Nicotine Reduction on Cigarette Reinforcement Value Within a Marketplace Containing Alternative Nicotine Delivery Products: A Secondary Analysis of a Multi-Site Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- The Impact of Three Alternate Nicotine-Delivery Products on Combusted Cigarette Use: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Educating the Public on the Health Risks of Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes: Results From a US-Based Convenience Sample.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- Changes in Cigarette Consumption With Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes Among Smokers With Psychiatric Conditions or Socioeconomic Disadvantage: 3 Randomized Clinical Trials.JAMA network open · 2020Trial
- The Impact of Exclusive Use of Very Low Nicotine Cigarettes on Compensatory Smoking: An Inpatient Crossover Clinical Trial.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2020Trial
- Leveraging information from secondary endpoints to enhance dynamic borrowing across subpopulations.Biometrics · 2024Article
- Commentary on Chen et al. (2022): The need for continued methodological research on leveraging information in secondary endpoints for more efficient RCTs.Contemporary clinical trials · 2024Article
- Underreporting of non-study cigarette use by study participants confounds the interpretation of results from ambulatory clinical trial of reduced nicotine cigarettes.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Perceptions of the Addictiveness of Low-Nicotine Cigarettes Versus Typical Cigarettes and Exposure to Tobacco Industry-Sponsored Corrective Campaign.Substance use & misuse · 2024Article
- Assessment of Health Behaviours and Satisfaction with Life among Catholic Priests in Poland.Journal of religion and health · 2023Article
- Qualitative reactions to a low nicotine product standard for cigarettes from adolescents and young adults living in the United States who smoke.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Reducing Misperceptions About Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes: Insights From Adults Who Smoke.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Effect of menthol on nicotine reduction: Pooled results from two double-blind randomized controlled trials.Brain research bulletin · 2022Review
- Reappraising Choice in Addiction: Novel Conceptualizations and Treatments for Tobacco Use Disorder.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- A review of the evidence on cigarettes with reduced addictiveness potential.The International journal on drug policy · 2022Review
- Calibrated dynamic borrowing using capping priors.Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionA mandated reduction in the nicotine content of cigarettes may decrease smoking, but also increase demand for other nicotine products. The present study tested the impact of smoking cigarettes with very low nicotine content and concurrent use of a transdermal nicotine patch. STUDY
designA balanced 2 × 2 factorial randomized clinical trial investigating the impact of cigarette nicotine content (double-blind, very low nicotine content versus normal nicotine content) and use of a transdermal nicotine patch (open label, patch versus no patch). SETTING/
participantsAdult daily smokers (n=240) in the Pittsburgh, PA area.
interventionParticipants were provided with research cigarettes and transdermal nicotine patches (if assigned to patch condition) for 7 weeks. Cigarettes were Spectrum brand (National Institute on Drug Abuse) and either 15.8 mg nicotine/g tobacco (normal nicotine content) or 0.4 mg nicotine/g tobacco (very low nicotine content). In the 7th week, participants were monetarily incentivized to abstain from smoking.
main outcome measuresParticipants reported daily cigarette use throughout the trial and the primary outcome was average number of cigarettes smoked per day (study + nonstudy) during Week 6. Participants were recruited from 2015 to 2017 and data were analyzed between 2017 and 2018.
resultsAssignment to very low nicotine content cigarettes and assignment to wear a nicotine patch both reduced the number of cigarettes smoked per day during Week 6 (p=0.001 and 0.04, respectively). However, assignment to the patch along with very low nicotine content cigarettes did not significantly reduce cigarette smoking compared with assignment to very low nicotine content cigarettes alone.
conclusionsA mandated reduction in the nicotine content of cigarettes is likely to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day, but the added benefit of concurrent transdermal nicotine is unclear. Future studies should investigate whether alternative sources of noncombusted tobacco, such as e-cigarettes, enhance the effects of very low nicotine content cigarettes on smoking.
trial registrationThis study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02301325.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.