ReviewChest2020
Phenotypic Subtypes of OSA: A Challenge and Opportunity for Precision Medicine.
Review in Chest, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 153 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Mandibular Advancement Devices on Markers of Cardiovascular Health in Mild to Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients Who Are Non-Compliant With Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy
Precise Intervention of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Based on Phenotypic Characteristics and Endotypic Mechanisms
Who cites it
153 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 256 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the methodology for examining the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and type two diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Diagnostic value of smartphone in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Cognition effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure treatment in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients with cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis.Experimental brain research · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on ventricular remodeling of patients with combined diabetes mellitus and obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional study and follow-on randomized clinical trial.International journal of cardiology · 2025Trial
- Supine position-related obstructive sleep apnea in children: insights from the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Trial
- Heterogeneous Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Non-Sleepy Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes:Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2024Trial
- Effect of Pimavanserin on the Respiratory Arousal Threshold from Sleep: A Randomized Trial.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2022Trial
- Treatment for patients with sleep apnea on opioids for chronic pain: results of the OpSafe trial.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2021Trial
- Circulating levels of cell adhesion molecules and risk of cardiovascular events in obstructive sleep apnea.PloS one · 2021Trial
- Periodic limb movements of sleep and hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a hypothesis-generating analysis from a polysomnographic cohort.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Article
- Salivary Aldosterone as a Biomarker for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Diagnostic Performance and the Moderating Role of Mean Arterial Pressure-A Cross-Sectional Study.Clocks & sleep · 2026Article
- Airway Anatomy and Surgical Management in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2026Review
- Optimizing CPAP Adherence in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Narrative Review of Practical Strategies for Everyday Clinical Care.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Beyond the apnea-hypopnea index: Precision cardiovascular risk stratification in obstructive sleep apnea.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- iSPHYNCS: Unsupervised Clustering in Questionnaires and Metadata Reveals Distinct Subtypes in the Narcolepsy Borderland.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Phenogroup-based stratification of cardiovascular risk in obstructive sleep apnea.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation and Hypoxic Burden in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Secondary Analysis of the STAR Trial.JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of upper airway muscle control in sleep reveal therapeutic targets for obstructive sleep apnea.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Good things come in threes: evaluating clinical utility of machine learning-derived clusters.JAMIA open · 2026Review
93 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Current strategies for the management of OSA reflect a one-size-fits-all approach. Diagnosis and severity of OSA are based on the apnea-hypopnea index and treatment initiated with CPAP, followed by trials of alternatives (eg, oral appliances) if CPAP "fails." This approach does not consider the heterogeneity of individuals with OSA, reflected by varying risk factors, pathophysiological causes, clinical manifestations, and consequences. Recently, studies using analytic approaches such as cluster analysis have taken advantage of this heterogeneity to identify OSA phenotypes, or subtypes of patients with unique characteristics, that may enable more personalized approaches to prognostication and treatment. Examples include symptom-based subtypes such as "excessively sleepy" and "disturbed sleep" with differing impact of CPAP on symptoms and health-related quality of life. Polysomnographic subtypes, distinguished by respiratory event association with hypoxemia, arousals, or both, exhibit varying risks of cardiovascular disease and response to therapy. This review summarizes the findings from recent cluster analysis studies in sleep apnea and synthesizes common themes to describe the potential role (and limitations) of phenotypic subtypes in precision medicine for OSA. It also highlights future directions, including linking of phenotypes to clinically relevant outcomes, rigorous and transparent assessment of phenotype reproducibility, and need for tools that categorize patients into subtypes, to prospectively validate phenotype-based prognostication and treatment approaches. Finally, we highlight the critical need to include women and more racially/ethnically diverse populations in this area of research if we are to leverage the heterogeneity of OSA to improve patient lives.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.