ArticlePublic health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
Trends in Elevated Blood Lead Levels Using 5 and 10 µg/dL Levels of Concern Among Refugee Children Resettled in Massachusetts, 1998-2015.
Article in Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood lead concentrations in children with iron deficiency anemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Pooled it
- Lead Screening Among Immigrant Children Seeking Humanitarian Protection in New York and Massachusetts, 2022-2024.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2026Article
- Health of refugee children upon arrival in high-income countries: A scoping review.Journal of migration and health · 2025Review
- Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Prevention Barriers Related to Childhood Lead Poisoning Among Nepali-Speaking Bhutanese Parents in Northeast Ohio, United States.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2024Article
- Relationship Between Primary Language Spoken at Home and Blood Lead Levels in Children from Northeast Ohio, United States: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2023Article
- Blood Lead Level Testing and Retesting Among Newly Arriving Refugee Children, Pennsylvania, 2015-2019.American journal of public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
objectivesRefugee children are known to have a high prevalence of elevated blood lead levels (EBLLs). We sought to determine trends in EBLLs among refugee children during an 18-year period and examine relationships between descriptive characteristics and EBLLs by using 10 µg/dL and 5 µg/dL levels of concern.
methodsWe retrospectively evaluated refugee health screening data from Massachusetts for 1998 through 2015 for refugee children aged <7 years. We performed bivariate and multivariate analyses of variables including sex, age, region of origin, anemia, intestinal parasites, tuberculosis test results, and anthropometric measurements and used both 5 µg/dL and 10 µg/dL levels of concern for EBLLs.
resultsOf 3421 eligible refugee children, 3054 (88.2%) were tested. Using 5 µg/dL and 10 µg/dL levels of concern, 1279 (41.9%) and 241 (7.9%) children, respectively, had EBLLs. Mean BLLs declined steadily from 7.58 µg/dL in 2004 to 4.03 µg/dL in 2015. African (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.81-3.43), East Asian and Pacific (aOR = 1.98; 95% CI, 1.35-2.91), and South-Central Asian (aOR = 2.47; 95% CI, 1.53-4.01) regions of origin and anemia (aOR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.14 -1.97) were significantly associated with BLLs ≥5 µg/dL.
conclusionsThe prevalence of EBLLs among refugees compared with US-born children is high. Because EBBLs increase the risk for neurocognitive impairment in children, public health professionals, policy makers, researchers, refugee resettlement staff members, and health care providers must remain vigilant in screening for lead poisoning and educating refugees about the hazards posed to young children by lead.
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