ArticleJAMA network open2019
Association of Birth Weight With Type 2 Diabetes and Glycemic Traits: A Mendelian Randomization Study.
Abstract read
In one paragraph
Article in JAMA network open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Methodological approaches, challenges, and opportunities in the application of Mendelian randomisation to lifecourse epidemiology: A systematic literature review.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- Disentangling the relationship between intrauterine exposures and offspring growth in mid-childhood.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- The Impact of Early-Life Growth on Long-Term Cardiometabolic and Neurocognitive Outcomes in High-Income Countries: A Neglected Public Health Problem.Nutrition reviews · 2026Review
- A computational model to analyze the impact of birth weight-nutritional status pair on disease development and disease recovery.Health information science and systems · 2024Article
- Methodology for Biological Sample Collection, Processing, and Storage in the Newcastle 1000 Pregnancy Cohort: Protocol for a Longitudinal, Prospective Population-Based Study in Australia.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Gestational organophosphate pesticide exposure and childhood cardiovascular outcomes.Environment international · 2024Article
- Genetic associations of birthweight, childhood, and adult BMI with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a Mendelian randomization.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- The interplay between birth weight and obesity in determining childhood and adolescent cardiometabolic risk.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Association of birth weight with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the mediating role of fatty acids traits: a two-step mendelian randomization study.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Childhood obesity from the genes to the epigenome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Reconsidering the developmental origins of adult disease paradigm: The 'metabolic coordination of childbirth' hypothesis.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2024Review
- Metabolomics and lipidomics strategies in modern drug discovery and development.Drug discovery today · 2023Review
- Maternal Age at Menarche Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Offspring Birth Weight.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Causal factors underlying diabetes risk informed by Mendelian randomisation analysis: evidence, opportunities and challenges.Diabetologia · 2023Review
- Birthweight, BMI in adulthood and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: a Mendelian randomisation study.Diabetologia · 2022Article
- Admixture mapping of anthropometric traits in the Black Women's Health Study: evidence of a shared African ancestry component with birth weight and type 2 diabetes.Journal of human genetics · 2022Article
- Birth weight was associated positively with gluteofemoral fat mass and inversely with 2-h postglucose insulin concentrations, a marker of insulin resistance, in young normal-weight Japanese women.Diabetology international · 2022Article
- Pregnancy and Autoimmune Disease.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2022Review
- Lifestyle or Environmental Influences and Their Interaction With Genetic Susceptibility on the Risk of LADA.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Investigating a Potential Causal Relationship Between Maternal Blood Pressure During Pregnancy and Future Offspring Cardiometabolic Health.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
135 authors.
BIRTH-GENE (BIG) Study Working Group
Tao HuangKey Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
Tiange WangShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yan ZhengDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Christina EllervikDepartment of Research and Innovation Region Zealand, Region Zealand, Denmark.
Xiang LiDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Meng GaoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
Zhe FangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
Jin-Fang ChaiSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Tarun Veer S AhluwaliaCopenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Yujie WangDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Trudy VoortmanDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Raymond NoordamSection of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Alexis Frazier-WoodChildren's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
Markus ScholzLIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Emily SonestedtDepartment of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Masato AkiyamaRIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Yokohama, Japan.
Rajkumar DorajooGenome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.
Ang ZhouCentre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
Tuomas O KilpeläinenThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Marcus E KleberCompetence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.
Sarah R CrozierMRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.
Keith M GodfreyMRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.
Rozenn LemaitreCardiovascular Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.
Janine F FelixThe Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Yuan ShiSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.
Preeti GuptaSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.
Chiea-Chuen KhorGenome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.
Terho LehtimäkiDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland.
Carol A WangDivision of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
Carla M T TieslerLudwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Medicine, Munich, Germany.
Elisabeth ThieringInstitute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Marie StandlInstitute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Peter RzehakDivision of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
Eirini MarouliWilliam Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Meian HeMOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Cécile LecoeurUniversity of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.
Dolores CorellaDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Chao-Qiang LaiUnited States Department of Agriculture Research Service, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Luis A MorenoCIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Niina PitkänenResearch Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Colin A BorehamUCD Institute for Sport & Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Tao ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Seang Mei SawSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Paul M RidkerDivision of Preventive Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Mariaelisa GraffDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Frank J A van RooijDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Andre G UitterlindenDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Albert HofmanDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Diana van HeemstSection of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Frits R RosendaalDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Renée de MutsertDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Ralph BurkhardtLIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Christina-Alexandra SchulzDepartment of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Ulrika EricsonDepartment of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Yoichiro KamataniRIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Yokohama, Japan.
Jian-Min YuanDivision of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Chris PowerPopulation, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
Torben HansenThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Thorkild I A SørensenThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Anne TjønnelandDanish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Kim OvervadDepartment of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Graciela DelgadoVth Department of Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Cyrus CooperMRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.
Luc DjousseDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Fernando RivadeneiraThe Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Karen JamesonMRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.
Wanting ZhaoSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.
Jianjun LiuSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Nanette R LeeUSC Office of Population Studies Foundation Inc, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines.
Olli RaitakariResearch Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Mika KähönenDepartment of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Jorma ViikariDivision of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Veit GroteDivision of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
Jean-Paul LanghendriesDepartment of Paediatrics and NICU, CHC-Site St-Vincent, Liège-Rocourt, Belgium.
Berthold KoletzkoDivision of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
Joaquin EscribanoPaediatrics Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain.
Elvira VerduciDepartment of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
George DedoussisDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
Caizheng YuMOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Yih Chung ThamSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.
Blanche LimSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.
Sing Hui LimSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.
Philippe FroguelUniversity of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.
Beverley BalkauINSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France.
Nadia R FinkCopenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Rebecca K VindingCopenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Astrid SevelstedCopenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Hans BisgaardCopenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Oscar ColtellCIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Jean DallongevilleINSERM U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France.
Frédéric GottrandINSERM U995, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU-Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France.
Katja PahkalaResearch Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Harri NiinikoskiDepartment of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Elina HyppönenPopulation, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
Oluf PedersenThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Winfried MärzVth Department of Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Hazel InskipMRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.
Vincent W V JaddoeThe Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Elaine DennisonMRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.
Tien Yin WongSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.
Charumathi SabanayagamSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.
E-Shyong TaiSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Karen L MohlkeDepartment of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
David A MackeyCentre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
Dariusz GruszfeldDepartment of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, Warsaw, Poland.
Panagiotis DeloukasWilliam Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Katherine L TuckerBiomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell.
Frédéric FumeronINSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
Klaus BønnelykkeCopenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Peter RossingSteno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.
Ramon EstruchCIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Jose M OrdovasUnited States Department of Agriculture Research Service, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Donna K ArnettCollege of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington.
Aline MeirhaegheINSERM U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France.
Philippe AmouyelINSERM U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France.
Ching-Yu ChengSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.
Xueling SimSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Yik Ying TeoSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Rob M van DamSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Woon-Puay KohSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Marju Orho-MelanderDepartment of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Markus LoefflerLIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Michiaki KuboRIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Yokohama, Japan.
Joachim ThieryLIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Dennis O Mook-KanamoriDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Dariush MozaffarianFriedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Bruce M PsatyCardiovascular Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.
Oscar H FrancoDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Tangchun WuMOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Kari E NorthDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
George Davey SmithMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit & School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Jorge E ChavarroDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Daniel I ChasmanDivision of Preventive Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Lu QiDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Funding
Prospective studies of cancer etiology and prevention in Shanghai and SingaporeR01CA144034 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI YUAN, JIAN-MIN · 2010 to 2014
$7.0MCHS research resources for the cardiovascular health of older adultsU01HL130114 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI BURKE, GREGORY L, KRONMAL, RICHARD A · 2016 to 2019
$6.6MTHE SINGAPORE COHORT STUDY OF DIET AND CANCERR01CA080205 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI YUAN, JIAN-MIN · 1999 to 2009
$5.3MCancer epidemiology cohorts in Shanghai and Singapore UM1CA182876 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI YUAN, JIAN-MIN · 2014 to 2018
$4.3MWomen's Health Study: Infrastructure support for continued cohort follow-upU01CA182913 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI BURING, JULIE E., LEE, I-MIN · 2019 to 2023
$4.0MBritish Heart Foundation RG/14/5/30893British Heart Foundation RG/15/17/31749Medical Research Council MC_UP_A620_1017Medical Research Council MC_UU_00011/1Medical Research Council MC_UU_12011/4NCI NIH HHS R01 CA080205NCI NIH HHS R01 CA144034NCI NIH HHS U01 CA182913NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA182876NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL130114Versus Arthritis 19583
Abstract
Importance: Observational studies have shown associations of birth weight with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and glycemic traits, but it remains unclear whether these associations represent causal associations. Objective: To test the association of birth weight with T2D and glycemic traits using a mendelian randomization analysis. Design, Setting, and Participants: This mendelian randomization study used a genetic risk score for birth weight that was constructed with 7 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The associations of this score with birth weight and T2D were tested in a mendelian randomization analysis using study-level data. The association of birth weight with T2D was tested using both study-level data (7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were used as an instrumental variable) and summary-level data from the consortia (43 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were used as an instrumental variable). Data from 180 056 participants from 49 studies were included. Main Outcomes and Measures: Type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits. Results: This mendelian randomization analysis included 49 studies with 41 155 patients with T2D and 80 008 control participants from study-level data and 34 840 patients with T2D and 114 981 control participants from summary-level data. Study-level data showed that a 1-SD decrease in birth weight due to the genetic risk score was associated with higher risk of T2D among all participants (odds ratio [OR], 2.10; 95% CI, 1.69-2.61; P = 4.03 × 10-5), among European participants (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.42-2.71; P = .04), and among East Asian participants (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.18-1.62; P = .04). Similar results were observed from summary-level analyses. In addition, each 1-SD lower birth weight was associated with 0.189 SD higher fasting glucose concentration (β = 0.189; SE = 0.060; P = .002), but not with fasting insulin, 2-hour glucose, or hemoglobin A1c concentration. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, a genetic predisposition to lower birth weight was associated with increased risk of T2D and higher fasting glucose concentration, suggesting genetic effects on retarded fetal growth and increased diabetes risk that either are independent of each other or operate through alterations of integrated biological mechanisms.
Indexed as
AdolescentAdultAgedAsia, EasternAsian PeopleBirth WeightBlood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleGenetic VariationGlycated HemoglobinHumansInfant, NewbornInsulinMaleMendelian Randomization AnalysisBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanInsulin
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.