ReviewJournal of endocrinological investigation2020
Immunohistochemical analysis of human orbital tissue in Graves' orbitopathy.
Review in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systemic safety analysis of mycophenolate in Graves' orbitopathy.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2020Pooled it
- Bibliometrics in thyroid eye disease.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- TSHR-Targeting Nucleic Acid Aptamer Treats Graves' Ophthalmopathy via Novel Allosteric Inhibition.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Clinical value of dual-energy CT parameters combined with morphological features in predicting graves' ophthalmopathy.BMC medical imaging · 2025Article
- Unravelling the pathogenic mechanisms in Graves' orbitopathy.European thyroid journal · 2025Review
- Clinical characteristics of thyroid eye disease and expression profile of peripheral blood immune cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Thyroid hormone signaling in ocular development and diseases.Biological research · 2025Review
- Elastin as a Novel Extracellular Matrix From Aberrant HDAC4 Expression in PDGF-BB-Induced Orbital Fibroblasts From Graves' Ophthalmopathy Patients.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Orbital Clinicopathological Differences in Thyroid Eye Disease: An Analysis of Cytokines With Histopathological and Clinical Correlation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Role of the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 in the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Current concepts of tocilizumab efficacy in active moderate-to-severe corticosteroid-resistant cases of Graves' orbitopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Oxidative stress-related biomarkers in thyroid eye disease: evidence from bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Targeted immunotherapies for Graves' thyroidal & orbital diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Graves disease: latest understanding of pathogenesis and treatment options.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Epidemiology of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin in recent-onset symptomatic thyroid eye disease.European thyroid journal · 2024Article
- Evaluation of disease-specific quality of life and its influencing factors in Bulgarian patients with Graves' orbitopathy.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Determinants of clinical outcome in patients with moderate/severe Graves' orbitopathy undergoing treatment with parenteral glucocorticoids: a retrospective study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Immunological Processes in the Orbit and Indications for Current and Potential Drug Targets.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Fibulin-1: a novel biomarker for predicting disease activity of the thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
- Traditional Chinese medicine in thyroid-associated orbitopathy.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeImmunohistochemistry of orbital tissues offers a correlation between the microscopic changes and macroscopic clinical manifestation of Graves' orbitopathy (GO). Summarizing the participation of different molecules will help us to understand the pathogenesis of GO.
methodsThe pertinent and current literature on immunohistochemistry of human orbital tissue in GO was reviewed using the NCBI PubMed database.
results33 articles comprising over 700 orbital tissue samples were included in this review. The earliest findings included the demonstration of HLA-DR and T cell (to a lesser extent B cell) markers in GO orbital tissues. Subsequent investigators further contributed by characterizing cellular infiltration, confirming the presence of HLA-DR and TSHR, as well as revealing the participation of cytokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules and miscellaneous substances. HLA-DR and TSHR are over-expressed in orbital tissues of GO patients. The inflammatory infiltration mainly comprises CD4 + T cells and macrophages. Cytokine profile suggests the importance of Th1 (especially in early active phase) and Th17 immunity in the pathogenesis of GO. Upregulation of proinflammatory/profibrotic cytokines, adhesion molecules and growth factors finally culminate in activation of orbital fibroblasts and perpetuation of orbital inflammation. The molecular status of selected parameters correlates with the clinical presentation of GO.
conclusionFurther investigation is warranted to define precisely the role of different molecules and ongoing search for new players yet to be discovered is also important. Unfolding the molecular mechanisms behind GO will hopefully provide insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies and optimize our clinical management of the disease.
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