ArticleBMJ open2019
Determinants of timeliness in early childhood vaccination among mothers with vaccination cards in Sindh province, Pakistan: a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Health literacy, awareness and referral patterns of mothers in childhood vaccination: a cross-sectional study in Iran.BMC public health · 2025Article
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- An analytical cross-sectional study on optimal (timely or cumulative age-appropriate) routine childhood immunization coverage in the communities of Ebonyi state, Nigeria.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Delayed completion of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination among children 4-48 months in rural Uganda: a socio-demographic inquiry.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- Measuring Zero-Dose Children: Reflections on Age Cohort Flexibilities for Targeted Immunization Surveys at the Local Level.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- Spatial pattern and associated factors of timely vaccination in Ethiopia using EDHS-2016 data: A multilevel and spatial analysis.PloS one · 2024Article
- Timeliness of 24 childhood immunisations and evolution of vaccination delay: Analysis of data from 54 low- and middle-income countries.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Timely Vaccination and Its Associated Factors Among Parents With Children Aged From 0 to 23 Months in Wolaita Zone Public Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia, 2024: A Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Global pediatric health · 2024Article
- [Determinants of vaccine acceptance in Makokou, Gabon].The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- A quantitative evaluation of the impact of vaccine roll-out rate and coverage on reducing deaths: insights from the first 2 years of COVID-19 epidemic in Iran.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Less than one-fifth of Ethiopian children were vaccinated for measles second dose; evidence from the Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey 2019.Vaccine: X · 2022Article
- Timeliness of routine childhood vaccination in 103 low-and middle-income countries, 1978-2021: A scoping review to map measurement and methodological gaps.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Vaccination timeliness and associated factors among children aged 12-23 months in Debre Libanos district of North Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Age-appropriate vaccination coverage and its determinants in children aged 12-36 months in Nepal: a national and subnational assessment.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Individual and community-level determinants of childhood vaccination in Ethiopia.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2021Article
- An Artificial Intelligence-Based, Personalized Smartphone App to Improve Childhood Immunization Coverage and Timelines Among Children in Pakistan: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2020Article
- Timely completion of vaccination and its determinants among children in northwest, Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis.BMC public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveUntimely vaccination refers to receiving the given dose before (early) or after (delayed) the recommended time window. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent of timeliness of childhood vaccinations and examine the determinants of vaccination timeliness in Sindh province, Pakistan.
designCross-sectional analysis of data from the 2013 and 2014 Maternal and Child Health Program Indicator Surveys.
settingCommunity-based maternal and child health surveys.
participantsAmong 10 200 respondents of Maternal and Child Health Program Indicator Surveys, 1143 women who had a live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey were included. OUTCOMES: At the participants' home, an interviewer asked mothers to show their children's vaccination cards, which contained information regarding vaccinations. Children's vaccination status was categorised into timely or early/delayed compared with vaccination schedule. A logistic regression analysis using Firth's penalised likelihood was performed to identify factors associated with timeliness of vaccinations.
results238 children (20.8% of children who received a full set of basic vaccinations) received all vaccinations on schedule among children who received a full set of basic vaccinations. The percentages of timely vaccinations ranged from 2.3% for second measles vaccination to 89.3% for bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Child's age and place of delivery were associated with timely vaccinations. Older child age and institutional delivery were associated with decreased timely vaccination rate.
conclusionsHome-based vaccination record is a key tool to improve the timeliness of vaccinations. The redesigned vaccination cards, the new electronic registries for vaccination card information and the vaccination tracking system to remind the second/third vaccination visits may be helpful to improve timely vaccinations for children under 2 years old.
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