Trial reportClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2019
Macrophage Exclusion after Radiation Therapy (MERT): A First in Human Phase I/II Trial using a CXCR4 Inhibitor in Glioblastoma.
Trial report in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Analyses of a Chemokine Family-Based Risk Model Predicting Clinical Outcome and Immunotherapy Response in Lung Adenocarcinoma.Cell transplantationPooled it
- L-RNA aptamer-based CXCL12 inhibition combined with radiotherapy and bevacizumab in newly-diagnosed glioblastoma: expansion of the phase I/II GLORIA trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- L-RNA aptamer-based CXCL12 inhibition combined with radiotherapy in newly-diagnosed glioblastoma: dose escalation of the phase I/II GLORIA trial.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- The intersection of chemokine signaling with the hallmarks of cancer in glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- The Invasive Margin of Glioblastoma as a Molecular Ecosystem: Spatial Heterogeneity, Tumor-Host Interactions, and Therapeutic Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cytokines and cancer-associated fibroblasts.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Pharmacological modulation of CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 for brain disorders - an overview.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Case Report: Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of a pediatric ALK-negative gastric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Hydrogen sulfide inhibits recruitment of monocyte-derived tumor associated macrophages in glioblastoma by downregulating CXCL12.Redox biology · 2025Article
- A model-free phase I/II dose optimization design for immunotherapy trials.Statistical methods in medical research · 2025Article
- The Basis for Targeting the Tumor Macrophage Compartment in Glioblastoma Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2025Review
- Distant origin of glioblastoma recurrence: neural stem cells in the subventricular zone serve as a source of tumor reconstruction after primary resection.Molecular cancer · 2025Article
- Rational therapeutic targeting of myeloid cells in glioblastoma: challenges and perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Microglia and macrophages in glioblastoma: landscapes and treatment directions.Molecular oncology · 2024Review
- Current status of precision oncology in adult glioblastoma.Molecular oncology · 2024Review
- CXCR4 orchestrates the TOX-programmed exhausted phenotype of CD8Cell genomics · 2024Article
- Targeting cytokine and chemokine signaling pathways for cancer therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Review
- The CEBPBTheranostics · 2024Article
- Comprehensive single-cell analysis demonstrates radiotherapy-induced infiltration of macrophages expressing immunosuppressive genes into tumor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Science advances · 2023Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposePreclinical studies have demonstrated that postirradiation tumor revascularization is dependent on a stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)-driven process in which myeloid cells are recruited from bone marrow. Blocking this axis results in survival improvement in preclinical models of solid tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM). We conducted a phase I/II study to determine the safety and efficacy of Macrophage Exclusion after Radiation Therapy (MERT) using the reversible CXCR4 inhibitor plerixafor in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. PATIENTS AND
methodsWe enrolled nine patients in the phase I study and an additional 20 patients in phase II using a modified toxicity probability interval (mTPI) design. Plerixafor was continuously infused intravenously via a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line for 4 consecutive weeks beginning at day 35 of conventional treatment with concurrent chemoradiation. Blood serum samples were obtained for pharmacokinetic analysis. Additional studies included relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) analysis using MRI and histopathology analysis of recurrent tumors.
resultsPlerixafor was well tolerated with no drug-attributable grade 3 toxicities observed. At the maximum dose of 400 μg/kg/day, biomarker analysis found suprathreshold plerixafor serum levels and an increase in plasma SDF-1 levels. Median overall survival was 21.3 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 15.9-NA] with a progression-free survival of 14.5 months (95% CI, 11.9-NA). MRI and histopathology support the mechanism of action to inhibit postirradiation tumor revascularization.
conclusionsInfusion of the CXCR4 inhibitor plerixafor was well tolerated as an adjunct to standard chemoirradiation in patients with newly diagnosed GBM and improves local control of tumor recurrences.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.