ArticleJournal of the American College of Cardiology2019
Sex Differences in Circulating Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease.
Article in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 150 citations in OpenAlex.
- Candidate Biomarkers Linking Periodontitis with Atherosclerotic and Related Cardiovascular Phenotypes: A Systematic Review Focused on Sex-Specific Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Sex differences in cognitive resilience in preclinical autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease carriers and non-carriers: Baseline findings from the API ADAD Colombia Trial.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2022Trial
- The role of brain natriuretic peptide in atrial fibrillation: a substudy of the Substrate Modification with Aggressive Blood Pressure Control for Atrial Fibrillation (SMAC-AF) trial.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Trial
- The Inflammation-Mediated Bidirectional Relationship Between Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Circulating CD38 shows stronger association with incident heart failure in women despite lower levels: sex differences and kidney-function context.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Aging and metabolism contribute separately to brain-body health.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of an experimental model of senescence SAMR1/SAMP8 for microRNA studies in acute myocardial infarction: role of sex and aging.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Article
- Gdf15 expression in thermogenic adipocytes regulates diet-induced weight gain in a sex-dependent manner.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- DASH diet, Reduced Rank Regression Dietary Patterns and relations with kidney function in the CHRIS general population study.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Unravelling the role of inflammatory markers in coronary artery disease risk via association, mediation and prediction analyses.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Association of apolipoprotein B, excess apolipoprotein B and apoB/apoA1 ratio with 20-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: the ATTICA study (2002-2022).Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Article
- Sex-specific proteomic signatures improve cardiovascular risk prediction for the general population without cardiovascular disease or diabetes.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- A narrative review of sex-related differences in inflammatory bowel disease-associated cardiovascular and thrombotic risk: epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention strategies.Translational gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Review
- Improved sex-specific cardiovascular risk prediction with multi-omics data in people with type 2 diabetes.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Sex-based differences in biomarker trajectories in acute coronary syndrome patients from the BIOMArCS study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Biomarker studies to predict outcomes of patients with COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome measured pre and post initiation of veno venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota-derived proinflammatory biomarkers and risk of coronary heart disease: a prospective study among United States males and females.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Examining the interplay between sdLDL, resistin, and BMI.Scientific reports · 2025Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDifferences in proteomic profiles between men and women may provide insights into the biological pathways that contribute to known sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD).
objectivesThis study sought to investigate sex differences in circulating biomarkers representative of biological pathways implicated in the development of CVD among Framingham Heart Study participants.
methodsThe authors measured 71 circulating CVD protein biomarkers in 7,184 participants (54% women, mean age 49 years). Multivariable models were used to evaluate the associations of sex, menopause, and hormone status with biomarkers. Cox models were used to examine whether sex modified the association of biomarkers with incident CVD.
resultsOf 71 biomarkers examined, 61 (86%) differed significantly between men and women, of which 37 were higher in women (including adipokines and inflammatory markers such as leptin and C-reactive protein), and 24 were higher in men (including fibrosis and platelet markers such as MMP-8 (matrix metalloproteinase-8) and TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1); false discovery rate q < 0.05 for all). Sex differences in biomarker profiles were most pronounced between pre-menopausal women versus men, with attenuated sex differences among post-menopausal women not taking hormone replacement therapy. Sex modified the association of specific biomarkers with incident CVD, including CD14 and apolipoprotein B (p
conclusionsIn a predominantly Caucasian population, the authors identified widespread sex differences in circulating biomarkers that reflect distinct pathways implicated in CVD, including inflammation, adiposity, fibrosis, and platelet homeostasis. Menopause and hormone status accounted for some, but not all, of the observed sex differences. Further investigation into factors underlying sex-based differences may provide mechanistic insight into CVD development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.