ArticlePloS one2019
Genetically distinct Group B Streptococcus strains induce varying macrophage cytokine responses.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Not all Group BFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Virulence and pathogenicity of group BVirulence · 2025Review
- Group B streptococcal infections in pregnancy and early life.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Group B Streptococcal Membrane Vesicles Induce Proinflammatory Cytokine Production and Are Sensed in an NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent Mechanism in a Human Macrophage-like Cell Line.ACS infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Mechanisms and Manifestations of Group B Streptococcus Meningitis in Newborns.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2025Review
- Comparative Genomic Analysis of Prophages in Human Vaginal Isolates ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Environmental Toxicant Exposure Paralyzes Human Placental Macrophage Responses to Microbial Threat.ACS infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Article
- The PI3K-Akt pathway is a multifaceted regulator of the macrophage response to diverse group BFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- The tempo and mode of gene regulatory programs during bacterial infection.Cell reports · 2022Article
- Invasive group BFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Infections and Pregnancy: Effects on Maternal and Child Health.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Article
- Distinct Group BInfection and immunity · 2021Article
- Production and Composition of Group B Streptococcal Membrane Vesicles Vary Across Diverse Lineages.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Group B streptococcal disease in the mother and newborn-A review.European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology · 2020Article
- Modulation of Death and Inflammatory Signaling in Decidual Stromal Cells following Exposure to Group BInfection and immunity · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes preterm birth and neonatal disease. Although GBS is known to exhibit vast diversity in virulence across strains, the mechanisms of GBS-associated pathogenesis are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that GBS strains of different genotypes would vary in their ability to elicit host inflammatory responses, and that strains associated with neonatal disease would induce different cytokine profiles than those associated with colonization. Using a multiplexed, antibody-based protein detection array, we found that production of a discrete number of inflammatory mediators by THP-1 macrophage-like cells was universally induced in response to challenge with each of five genetically distinct GBS isolates, while other responses appeared to be strain-specific. Key array responses were validated by ELISA using the initial five strains as well as ten additional strains with distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Interestingly, IL-6 was significantly elevated following infection with neonatal infection-associated sequence type (ST)-17 strains and among strains possessing capsule (cps) type III. Significant differences in production of IL1-β, IL-10 and MCP-2 were also identified across STs and cps types. These data support our hypothesis and suggest that unique host innate immune responses reflect strain-specific differences in virulence across GBS isolates. Such data might inform the development of improved diagnostic or prognostic strategies against invasive GBS infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.