ReviewPerspectives on medical education2019
The Implicit Association Test in health professions education: A meta-narrative review.
Review in Perspectives on medical education, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Communicating neurological prognosis in the prenatal period: a narrative review and practice guidelines.Pediatric research · 2025Guideline
- Efficacy of interventions aimed at reducing explicit and implicit weight bias in healthcare students: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Pooled it
- Implicit racial bias among medical graduates and students by an IAT measure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Irish journal of medical science · 2022Pooled it
- Implicit Bias and Recognition of Biases Among Vascular Surgeons.The Journal of surgical research · 2026Article
- Strategies for Incorporating Compassionate Care in a Behavior Analysis Graduate Program.Behavior analysis in practice · 2026Article
- Automatic aggression of future sports coaches is influenced by the presence of nevi-an exploratory study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Finding the right words: A skills-based curriculum using verbal procedures to address implicit bias in clinical encounters.Patient education and counseling · 2025Article
- Beyond Technical Skills: The Value of Perspective-Taking in STEM Education.CBE life sciences education · 2025Article
- Black Men's Patient-Clinician Experiences: Pathways to Enhanced Healthcare Outcomes in the United States.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- From unconsciously biased to bias awareness: a single site case study of the effectiveness of community-based implicit bias education amongst medical students.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Defensive Responses to Implicit Association Tests and Bias Awareness in an Implicit Bias Mitigation Training.Advances in medical education and practice · 2025Article
- Seeing Ourselves in Others: Understanding and Addressing Biases in Medical School Admissions Processes.Perspectives on medical education · 2025Article
- Masked liking of pornography: implicit associations in men with compulsive sexual behavior.Sexual medicine · 2024Article
- Recommendations for Faculty Development in Addressing Implicit Bias in Clinical Encounters and Clinical Learning Environments.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
- Addressing Disparities in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease: A Call for Equitable Health Care.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Review
- Examining Linguistic Differences in Electronic Health Records for Diverse Patients With Diabetes: Natural Language Processing Analysis.JMIR medical informatics · 2024Article
- Designing Communication Feedback Systems To Reduce Healthcare Providers' Implicit Biases In Patient Encounters.Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. CHI Conference · 2024Article
- Smartphone-Based Virtual and Augmented Reality Implicit Association Training (VARIAT) for Reducing Implicit Biases Toward Patients Among Health Care Providers: App Development and Pilot Testing.JMIR serious games · 2024Article
- Explicit and indirect, latency-based measure of aggression in striking combat sports.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Implicit bias, neuroscience and reproductive health amid increasing maternal mortality rates among Black birthing women.Nursing open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionImplicit bias is a growing area of interest among educators. Educational strategies used to elicit awareness of implicit biases commonly include the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Although the topic of implicit bias is gaining increased attention, emerging critique of the IAT suggests the need to subject its use to greater theoretical and empirical scrutiny.
methodsThe authors employed a meta-narrative synthesis to review existing research on the use of the IAT in health professions education. Four databases were searched using key terms yielding 1151 titles. After title, abstract and full-text screening, 38 articles were chosen for inclusion. Coding and analysis of articles sought a meaningful synthesis of educational approaches relating to the IAT, and the assumptions and theoretical positions that informed these approaches.
resultsDistinct, yet complementary, meta-narratives were found in the literature. The dominant perspective utilizes the IAT as a metric of implicit bias to evaluate the success of an educational activity. A contrasting narrative describes the IAT as a tool to promote awareness while triggering discussion and reflection. DISCUSSION: Whether used as a tool to measure bias, raise awareness or trigger reflection, the use of the IAT provokes tension between distinct meta-narratives, posing a challenge to educators. Curriculum designers should consider the premise behind the IAT before using it, and be prepared to address potential reactions from learners such as defensiveness or criticism. Overall, findings suggest that educational approaches regarding implicit bias require critical reflexivity regarding assumptions, values and theoretical positioning related to the IAT.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.