ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2019
Development of an Eye Model With a Physiological Blink Mechanism.
Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Critical Evaluation of Key Elements in Manufacturing Procedures and Testing Methodologies for Ocular Anti-Infective Thin Film Inserts.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- 3D-printed setup for ocular drug delivery evaluation on ex vivo porcine whole eye.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Modelling the thermal effects of stimulus airflow from the Dolphin aesthesiometer on a model eye surface.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Article
- Quality assessment of polymer materials for human model eye development.International ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Evaluating Viscosity and Tear Breakup Time of Contemporary Commercial Ocular Lubricants on an In Vitro Eye Model.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Current microfluidic platforms for reverse engineering of cornea.Materials today. Bio · 2023Review
- In vitro-in vivo correlation of drug release profiles from medicated contact lenses using an in vitro eye blink model.Drug delivery and translational research · 2023Article
- Unraveling the mechanobiology of cornea: From bench side to the clinic.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Development of an In Vitro Blink Model for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Role of In Vitro Models for Development of Ophthalmic Delivery Systems.Critical reviews in therapeutic drug carrier systems · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo develop an eye model with a physiological blink mechanism.
methodsAll parts of the eye model were designed using computer-aided design software. The eyelid consisted of a unique 3D printed structure containing teeth to physically secure a flexible membrane. Both the eyeball and eyelid membrane were synthesized using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Four molecular weights of PVA (89-98, 85-124, 130, and 146-186 kDa) were tested at a range of concentrations between 5% and 30% weight/volume. The wettability and water content of these materials were compared with the bovine cornea and sclera. The model was connected to a microfluidic pump, which delivers artificial tear solution (ATS) to the eyelid. A corneal topographer was used to evaluate the tear break-up and tear film regeneration.
resultsThe eyelid flexes and slides across the eyeball during each blink, which ensures direct contact between the two surfaces. When loaded with an ATS, this mechanism evenly spreads the solution over the eyeball to generate an artificial tear film. The artificial tear film in this eye model had a tear break-up time (TBUT) of 5.13 ± 0.09 seconds at 1.4 μL/min flow rate, 6 blinks/min, and <25% humidity.
conclusionsThis model simulates a physiological blink actuation and an artificial tear film layer. Future studies will examine variations in flow rates and ATS composition to simulate clinical values of TBUT. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: The eye model could be used to study in vitro TBUT, tear deposition, and simple drug delivery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.