ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2019
The heterogeneous pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 249 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
249 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global landscape and knowledge structure of research on pancreatitis and gut microbiota: a bibliometric analysis based on WoSCC and Scopus (2006 - 2025).Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Therapeutic potential of anti-thymocyte globulin in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Circulating biomarkers during progression to type 1 diabetes: A systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of anemia in diabetes mellitus in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Autologous fecal microbiota capsules are safe and potentially preserve beta-cell function in individuals with type 1 diabetes.Gut microbes · 2025Trial
- Associations Between Serum Fatty Acids and Immunological Markers in Children Developing Islet Autoimmunity-The TRIGR Nested Case-Control Study.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- ProtectiveiScience · 2026Article
- Shared non-HLA genetic architecture across diverse ancestries links insulin secretion and resistance to type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis and short-chain fatty acid alterations in pediatric new-onset type 1 diabetes with ketoacidosis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Regulatory T cell induction strategies and applications in the treatment of immune and non-immune diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Probiotics in Autoimmune Disease: Strain-specific Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Functional Vestibular Abilities in Children and Adolescents With and Without Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Preliminary Results.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2026Article
- The identity crisis of cryptic lncRNAs: when non-coding RNAs translate into small peptides.The EMBO journal · 2026Review
- Seasonal Variation of Diabetic Ketoacidosis among Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes:Saudi medical journal · 2026Article
- Integrative gene target mapping, RNA sequencing, in silico molecular docking, ADMET profiling and molecular dynamics simulation study of marine derived molecules for type 1 diabetes mellitus.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Glycosylation modification: a trigger for obesity and its complications?Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Review
- Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis: Mechanisms, Early Diagnostic Strategies, and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Review
- Dendritic Cells as Immunometabolic Regulatory Nodes in Diabetes: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Reprogramming.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- CD38 defines a therapeutically targetable pathogenic T cell population for precision immunotherapy in autoimmune diabetes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Experimental models in diabetes research.Laboratory animal research · 2026Review
189 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from the destruction of pancreatic β-cells that is mediated by the immune system. Multiple genetic and environmental factors found in variable combinations in individual patients are involved in the development of T1DM. Genetic risk is defined by the presence of particular allele combinations, which in the major susceptibility locus (the HLA region) affect T cell recognition and tolerance to foreign and autologous molecules. Multiple other loci also regulate and affect features of specific immune responses and modify the vulnerability of β-cells to inflammatory mediators. Compared with the genetic factors, environmental factors that affect the development of T1DM are less well characterized but contact with particular microorganisms is emerging as an important factor. Certain infections might affect immune regulation, and the role of commensal microorganisms, such as the gut microbiota, are important in the education of the developing immune system. Some evidence also suggests that nutritional factors are important. Multiple islet-specific autoantibodies are found in the circulation from a few weeks to up to 20 years before the onset of clinical disease and this prediabetic phase provides a potential opportunity to manipulate the islet-specific immune response to prevent or postpone β-cell loss. The latest developments in understanding the heterogeneity of T1DM and characterization of major disease subtypes might help in the development of preventive treatments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.