ReviewGlobalization and health2019
A multidisciplinary review of the policy, intellectual property rights, and international trade environment for access and affordability to essential cancer medications.
Review in Globalization and health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Statins for polycystic ovary syndrome in varying resource settings: a phenome-wide association study and evidence synthesis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Anticancer Drug Discovery Based on Natural Products: From Computational Approaches to Clinical Studies.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Shaping the future of global access to safe, effective, appropriate and quality health products.BMJ global health · 2024Article
- Natural Compounds as Protease Inhibitors in Therapeutic Focus on Cancer Therapy.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- A critical review and analysis of the context, current burden, and application of policy to improve cancer equity in Ghana.International journal for equity in health · 2023Review
- Essential cancer medicines and cancer outcomes: Cross-sectional study of 124 countries.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Overall survival benefits of cancer drugs in the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 2015-2021.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- Recent Developments in Combination Chemotherapy for Colorectal and Breast Cancers with Topoisomerase Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Combining legal epidemiology and implementation science to improve global access to medicines: challenges and opportunities.Frontiers in health services · 2023Article
- Access to and Affordability of World Health Organization Essential Medicines for Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: Examples from Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda.The oncologist · 2022Article
- Evolution of Knowledge in the Treatment of Long-Standing Atrial Fibrillation in a UK Tennis Champion.Cureus · 2021Article
- Pharmaceutical patents: reconciling the human right to health with the incentive to invent.Drug discovery today · 2020Review
- Together we unite: the role of the Commonwealth in achieving universal health coverage through pharmaceutical care amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee approved the addition of 16 cancer medicines to the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML), bringing the total number of cancer medicines on the list to 46. This change represented the first major revision to the EML oncology section in recent history and reinforces international recognition of the need to ensure access and affordability for cancer treatments. Importantly, many low and middle-income countries rely on the EML, as well as the children's EML, as a guide to establish national formularies, and moreover use these lists as tools to negotiate medicine pricing. However, EML inclusion is only one component that impacts cancer treatment access. More specifically, factors such as intellectual property rights and international trade agreements can interact with EML inclusion, drug pricing, and accessibility. To better understand this dynamic, we conducted an interdisciplinary review of the patent status of EML cancer medicines compared to other EML noncommunicable disease medicines using the 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, and 21st editions of the list. We also explored the interaction of intellectual property rights with the international trade regime and how trade agreements can and do impact cancer treatment access and affordability. Based on this analysis, we conclude that patent status is simply one factor in the complex international environment of health systems, IPR policies, and trade regimes and that aligning these oftentimes disparate interests will require shared global governance across the cancer care continuum.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.