ArticleCell reports2019
Glioblastoma-Associated Microglia Reprogramming Is Mediated by Functional Transfer of Extracellular miR-21.
Article in Cell reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 143 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
143 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Epigenetic Underpinnings of Inflammation: A Key to Unlock the Tumor Microenvironment in Glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Glioma-Associated Microglia Augment Neuronal Hyper-Excitability in Glioma.Brain tumor research and treatment · 2026Review
- Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Diffuse Midline Glioma: Emerging Mediators of Radiation Response and Therapeutic Resistance.Cancers · 2026Review
- Exploring CSF microRNA signatures as diagnostic biomarkers in adult-type diffuse gliomas.Non-coding RNA research · 2026Article
- Microglia Reprogramming in Glioblastoma: Stem Cell-Derived Factors as Emerging Immunomodulators.Cells · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicle-Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, Therapies, and Links to Neurodegeneration.Cancers · 2026Review
- Orthogonal disentanglement of single-cell multi-omics reveals private and shared drivers of tissue development and pathogenesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- 5EU-Based Tracking of RNA Transfer Through Extracellular Vesicles.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Non-coding RNAs-based Therapy and Angiogenesis: A New Era for the Management of Gliomas.Current gene therapy · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle-based therapeutic strategies for spinal tumors and associated nerve damage: advances, challenges, and future directions.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle-derived miR21 of non-tumoral origin as early diagnostic marker of glioma.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Intracellular and Extracellular Vesicle miRNA Signatures in Human iPSC-Derived Neural Stem Cells and Floor Plate Progenitors.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- FUS Selectively Facilitates circRNAs Packing into Small Extracellular Vesicles within Hypoxia Neuron.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Defining the Parameters for Sorting of RNA Cargo Into Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Exofection by exosomes: A transient functional cargo transfer.Extracellular vesicle · 2025Article
- Malignant Cells Beyond the Tumor Core: The Non-Negligible Factor to Overcome the Refractory of Glioblastoma.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles as drug and gene delivery vehicles in central nervous system diseases.Biomaterials science · 2025Review
- CRISPR targeting of mmu-miR-21a through a single adeno-associated virus vector prolongs survival of glioblastoma-bearing mice.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Peripheral Immune Markers in Glioma Patients: A Prospective Multi-Institutional Cohort Study of 1282 Patients.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
83 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Gliomas are primary, diffusely infiltrating brain tumors. Microglia are innate immune cells in the CNS and make up a substantial portion of the tumor mass. Glioma cells shape their microenvironment, communicating with and reprogramming surrounding cells, resulting in enhanced angiogenesis, immune suppression, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Glioma cells communicate with microglia, in part by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs). Mouse glioma cells stably expressing a palmitoylated GFP to label EVs were implanted intracranially into syngeneic miR-21-null mice. Here, we demonstrate functional delivery of miR-21, regulating specific downstream mRNA targets in microglia after uptake of tumor-derived EVs. These findings attest to EV-dependent microRNA delivery as studied in an in vivo-based model and provide insight into the reprograming of microglial cells by tumor cells to create a favorable microenvironment for cancer progression.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.