Trial reportEuropean journal of nutrition2020
Co-ingestion of whey protein hydrolysate with milk minerals rich in calcium potently stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion: an RCT in healthy adults.
Trial report in European journal of nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Role of Dietary Milk Minerals and Protein in Gut Hormone Secretion
The Effect of Calcium Ingestion on Gut Hormone Secretion.
The Acute Effects of Calcium-protein Co-ingestion on Gut Hormone Secretion
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- The Role of Peptides in Nutrition: Insights into Metabolic, Musculoskeletal, and Behavioral Health: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Protein Hydrolysates and Bioactive Peptides as Mediators of Blood Glucose-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Acute and Long-Term Studies.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Dose-related Effects of Calcium to Enhance the Effects of L-tryptophan on Gut Hormones and Energy Intake in Obesity.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Trial
- Effects of physical form ofThe British journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Intermittent versus continuous enteral nutrition attenuates increases in insulin and leptin during short-term bed rest.European journal of applied physiology · 2020Trial
- Calcium-Sensing Receptor Regulation of Gastrointestinal Hormone Secretion.Endocrine reviews · 2026Review
- Recent biotechnological applications of value-added bioactive compounds from microalgae and seaweeds.Botanical studies · 2024Review
- Cow's Milk Bioactive Molecules in the Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis in Human and Animal Studies.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Mechanism ofMarine drugs · 2024Article
- Are all sugars equal? Role of the food source in physiological responses to sugars with an emphasis on fruit and fruit juice.European journal of nutrition · 2024Review
- Are there sex differences in the variability of fasting metabolism?Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2024Article
- Does sourdough bread provide clinically relevant health benefits?Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Protein- and Calcium-Mediated GLP-1 Secretion: A Narrative Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo examine whether calcium type and co-ingestion with protein alter gut hormone availability.
methodsHealthy adults aged 26 ± 7 years (mean ± SD) completed three randomized, double-blind, crossover studies. In all studies, arterialized blood was sampled postprandially over 120 min to determine GLP-1, GIP and PYY responses, alongside appetite ratings, energy expenditure and blood pressure. In study 1 (n = 20), three treatments matched for total calcium content (1058 mg) were compared: calcium citrate (CALCITR); milk minerals rich in calcium (MILK MINERALS); and milk minerals rich in calcium plus co-ingestion of 50 g whey protein hydrolysate (MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN). In study 2 (n = 6), 50 g whey protein hydrolysate (PROTEIN) was compared to MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN. In study 3 (n = 6), MILK MINERALS was compared to the vehicle of ingestion (water plus sucralose; CONTROL).
resultsMILK MINERALS + PROTEIN increased GLP-1 incremental area under the curve (iAUC) by ~ ninefold (43.7 ± 11.1 pmol L
conclusionsWhen ingested alone, milk minerals rich in calcium do not increase GLP-1 secretion compared to calcium citrate. Co-ingesting high-dose whey protein hydrolysate with milk minerals rich in calcium increases postprandial GLP-1 concentrations to some of the highest physiological levels ever reported. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03232034, NCT03370484, NCT03370497.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.