ArticleJournal of ophthalmology2019
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Myopia in Spain.
Article in Journal of ophthalmology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Digital Screen Time and Myopia: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- Regional variations and temporal trends of childhood myopia prevalence in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2022Pooled it
- A multicenter Spanish study of atropine 0.01% in childhood myopia progression.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- One-year results of the Variation of Orthokeratology Lens Treatment Zone (VOLTZ) Study: a prospective randomised clinical trial.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2021Trial
- Incidence and Risk Factors of Refractive Error in Children in Spain: CISViT Project.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Prevalence of myopia among 26,697 school-aged children and adolescents in Taiyuan.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of screening-defined myopia among schoolchildren in Urumqi: a comparison of two cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2012 and 2019.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The Distribution of Ocular Normative Parameters in a Spanish School Population.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluation of myopia status and eye use behavior in school-age and preschool children.PloS one · 2025Article
- High correlated color temperature white light-emitting diodes disrupt refractive development in guinea pigs.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Myopia Among Schoolchildren and the Impact of Increased Screen Time: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- An Emerging Ophthalmology Challenge: A Narrative Review of TikTok Trends Impacting Eye Health Among Children and Adolescents.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Review
- Prevalence and Estimation of the Evolution of Myopia in Spanish Children.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Lifestyle Factors in Myopic Spanish Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Abnormal Vision Among Preschool Children.Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics · 2024Article
- Myopia prevalence, refractive status and uncorrected myopia among primary and secondary school students in Germany.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Risk Factors for Myopia: A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- Key Factors in Early Diagnosis of Myopia Progression within Ocular Biometric Parameters by Scheimpflug Technology.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo analyse the prevalence of myopia among a sample of more than 6000 children in Spain as well as to determine the impact of risk factors in its progression. METHODOLOGY: A total of 6,152 children aged from 5 to 7 were examined. The participants underwent an eye examination that included visual acuity, refraction without cycloplegia, and tests of accommodative and binocular function. In addition, a questionnaire regarding their lifestyle, family history, and geographical data was carried out. Finally, data were analysed using the SPSS version 25 program.
resultsThe prevalence of myopia in the sample of children studied has increased from 17% in 2016 to 20% in 2017. Likewise, the number of children with high myopia has also increased, from 1.7% in 2016 to 3.6% in 2017. 43.3% of the participants spent more than 3 hours a day doing near activities, and 48.9% of this group spent more than 50% of this time using electronic devices. In addition, only 9.7% spent more than 2.5 hours outdoors each day.
conclusionMyopia prevalence appears to be increasing in Spain. Lifestyle factors appear to be increasing the risk of myopia.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.