ArticleJournal of human kinetics2019
Mechanism of Action and the Effect of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Different Types of Physical Performance - A Systematic Review.
Article in Journal of human kinetics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ergogenic Benefits of β-Hydroxy-β-Methyl Butyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Body Composition and Muscle Strength: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on lipid profile in adults: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- The effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate or HMB-rich nutritional supplements on sarcopenia patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of oral administration of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate on lean body mass in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European geriatric medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyric Supplementation in Combination with Conservative Non-Invasive Treatments in Athletes with Patellar Tendinopathy: A Pilot Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- A randomized controlled trial to determine whether beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate and/or eicosapentaenoic acid improves diaphragm and quadriceps strength in critically Ill mechanically ventilated patients.Critical care (London, England) · 2021Trial
- Effects of Co-Ingestion of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and L-Arginine α-Ketoglutarate on Jump Performance in Young Track and Field Athletes.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Comparison of Selected Pro-Health Biologically Active Chemical Compounds inMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prospect of Muscle-Building Supplement HMB in Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of clinical & experimental immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Branched-chain amino acids in muscle growth: mechanisms, physiological functions, and applications.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Dietary supplement considerations during glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment: A narrative review.Obesity pillars · 2025Review
- Current perspectives on sarcopenia: diagnosis and therapeutic approaches.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2025Review
- Sarcopenia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: mechanisms, diagnosis, and management strategies.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation mitigates muscle atrophy induced by inactivity and protein deprivation.Biogerontology · 2025Article
- Nutrition and exercise for sarcopenia treatment.Osteoporosis and sarcopenia · 2025Review
- Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) improves daily activity and whole-body protein metabolism in Duchenne muscular dystrophy dogs: a pilot study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dietary resveratrol and β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyric acid enhance flavor and modulate intramuscular fat in Tibetan sheep: insights from transcriptomics and lipidomics.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic and metabolomic insights into the synergistic effects of resveratrol and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid on hepatic function under varying protein diets in Tibetan sheep.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) has been used extensively as a dietary supplement for athletes and physically active people. HMB is a leucine metabolite, which is one of three branched chain amino acids. HMB plays multiple roles in the human body of which most important ones include protein metabolism, insulin activity and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. The ergogenic effects of HMB supplementation are related to the enhancement of sarcolemma integrity, inhibition of protein degradation (ubiquitin pathway), decreased cell apoptosis, increased protein synthesis (mTOR pathway), stimulation of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis and enhancement of muscle stem cells proliferation and differentiation. HMB supplementation has been carried out with various groups of athletes. In endurance and martial arts athletes, HMB supplementation revealed positive effects on specific aerobic capacity variables. Positive results were also disclosed in resistance trained athletes, where changes in strength, body fat and muscle mass as well as anaerobic performance and power output were observed. The purpose of this review was to present the main mechanisms of HMB action, especially related to muscle protein synthesis and degradation, and ergogenic effects on different types of sports and physical activities.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.