ArticleScientific reports2019
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Macrophages Improve Survival in Microsatellite Unstable Colorectal Cancer.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- ATM is associated with the prognosis of colorectal cancer: a systematic review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Prognostic significance and tumor cell interactions of tumor-associated neutrophils in gastric cancer.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Macrophage Polarization as a Target for Colorectal Cancer Treatment Optimization: A Systematic Review.Cancers · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint-Based Therapies in Colorectal Cancer-Current Approaches and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cancer in transition: discovery of tumor-intrinsic transcriptional programs shaping the immune and microenvironmental landscape.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- The subtype identification of colorectal cancer and construction of the risk model based on cholesterol synthesis-related genes to predict prognosis and guide immunotherapy.International journal of colorectal disease · 2026Article
- The characteristics of gut microbiota in colorectal cancer with different microsatellite states.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Prognostic impact of tertiary lymphoid structures and cancer-associated fibroblasts in hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Colorectal Cancer at the Crossroads: The Good, the Bad, and the Future of Platinum-Based Drugs.Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- Immuno-Oncology at the Crossroads: Confronting Challenges in the Quest for Effective Cancer Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Gut Microbiota Reshapes the Tumor Microenvironment and Affects the Efficacy of Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Clinical characteristics of endometrial cancers with microsatellite instability-high andFrontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Advances in Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Oncology research · 2025Review
- A pilot study on the detection of microsatellite instability using long mononucleotide repeats in solid tumors.Oncology letters · 2024Article
- PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for early and middle stage microsatellite high-instability and stable colorectal cancer: a review.International journal of colorectal disease · 2024Review
- High Ki67 Gene Expression Is Associated With Aggressive Phenotype in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.World journal of oncology · 2024Article
- Immune modulation in malignant pleural effusion: from microenvironment to therapeutic implications.Cancer cell international · 2024Review
- Apigenin promotes apoptosis of 4T1 cells through PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway and improves tumor immune microenvironment in vivo.Toxicology research · 2024Article
- Genomic instability as a driver and suppressor of anti-tumor immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Progress of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Therapy for pMMR/MSS Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.OncoTargets and therapy · 2024Review
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Due to the loss of DNA repair mechanisms in colorectal cancer (CRC) with microsatellite instability (MSI), somatic mutations accumulate within DNA; making them more prone to attack by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and macrophages. We hypothesize that MSI-High (MSI-H) patients have favorable survival due to increased tumor immunogenicity. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to evaluate gene expression from 283 patients with CRC, comparing MSI-H and microsatellite stable (MSS) patients. CIBERSORT algorithm estimated the fraction of immune cell types. We found that low expression of DNA repair genes (MLH1, MLH3, PMS1, PMS2, ATR, PRKDC, ATM, BRCA2) associated with MSI-H. MSI-H was directly associated with Helper T-cells (p = 0.034) and M1 macrophages (p < 0.0001). MSI-H tumors associated with diminished intra-tumoral heterogeneity as well as higher expression of checkpoint molecules PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4, LAG3 and TIM3 (p < 0.0001). Improved OS was seen in patients with low ATM, PMS2 and MLH3. In the TCGA CRC cohort, decreased expression of DNA repair genes associated with MSI-H. MSI-H patients had improved survival, likely due to higher TIL and M1 macrophage infiltration as well as lower intra-tumoral heterogeneity. MSI-H also associates with expression of immune checkpoint molecules with potential for development of therapeutic targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.