ArticleBMJ open2019
Vulnerability to fatal drowning among the population in Southern Bangladesh: findings from a cross-sectional household survey.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socioeconomic, demographic and environmental factors of child drownings in Northern Bangladesh.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2026Article
- Swimming pool-based assessment of drowning death risk in the Houston metropolitan region.Journal of safety research · 2026Article
- Child drowning in northern Bangladesh: barriers, local initiatives, and opportunities for prevention.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Socio-economic, demographic, and environmental characteristics of child drowning on Sandwip Island, Bangladesh.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The burden of diseases and risk factors in Bangladesh, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.The Lancet. Global health · 2023Article
- Epidemiology of paediatric injuries in Nepal: evidence from emergency department injury surveillance.Archives of disease in childhood · 2021Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of a large-scale crèche intervention to prevent child drowning in rural Bangladesh.Injury epidemiology · 2021Article
- Challenges in Documenting Non-Fatal Drowning Disability in Bangladesh: A Community-Based Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Opportunities for gender transformative approaches in a community-based drowning reduction program in Bangladesh.International journal for equity in health · 2020Article
- Large-scale evaluation of interventions designed to reduce childhood Drownings in rural Bangladesh: a before and after cohort study.Injury epidemiology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to determine the fatal drowning burden and associated risk factors in Southern Bangladesh. SETTINGS: The survey was conducted in 39 subdistricts of all 6 districts of the Barisal division, Southern Bangladesh.
participantsAll residents (for a minimum 6 months prior to survey) of the Barisal division, Southern Bangladesh. INTERVENTION/
methodsA cross-sectional, divisionally representative household survey was conducted in all six districts of the Barisal division between September 2016 and February 2017, covering a population of 386 016. Data were collected by face-to-face interview with adult respondents using handheld electronic tablets. International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-v. 10 (ICD-10) Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality codes for drowning, W65-W74, X36-X39, V90, V92, X71 or X92, were used as the operational definition of a drowning event.
resultsThe overall fatal drowning rate in Barisal was 37.9/100 000 population per year (95% CI 31.8 to 43.9). The highest fatal drowning rate was observed among children aged 1-4 years (262.2/100 000/year). Mortality rates among males (48.2/100 000/year) exceeded that for females (27.9/100 000/year). A higher rate of fatal drowning was found in rural (38.9/100 000/year) compared with urban areas (29.3/100 000/year). The results of the multivariable logistic regression identified that the factors significantly associated with fatal drowning were being male (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.3), aged 1-4 years (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.4 to 6.4) and residing in a household with four or more children (four or more children OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.9; and five or more children OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.7).
conclusionDrowning is a public health problem, especially for children, in the Barisal division of Southern Bangladesh. Male gender, children 1-4 years of age and residing in a household with four or more children were associated with increased risk of fatal drowning events. The Barisal division demands urgent interventions targeted at high-risk groups identified in the survey.
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