Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31530327›Full record

ArticleBJPsych open2019

Mental health financing challenges, opportunities and strategies in low- and middle-income countries: findings from the Emerald project.

Dan Chisholm, Sumaiyah Docrat, Jibril Abdulmalik, Atalay Alem, Oye Gureje, Dristy Gurung, Charlotte Hanlon, Mark J D Jordans, Sheila Kangere, Fred Kigozi and 6 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BJPsych open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
10.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Real-world comprehensive care of people living with schizophrenia: recommendations across different settings and clinical stages.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026
    Article
  3. Transforming public mental health: a review on global trends, challenges, and pathways to change.Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 9 institutions in 8 countries.

Dan ChisholmHealth Systems Adviser, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Switzerland.
Sumaiyah DocratResearch Officer, Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Jibril AbdulmalikConsultant Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Atalay AlemProfessor of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
Oye GurejeProfessor of Psychiatry and Director, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, Neurosciences and Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; and Professor Extraordinary, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
Dristy GurungResearch Coordinator, Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal, Nepal.
Charlotte HanlonReader in Global Mental Health, Health Services and Population Research Department, Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and Adjunct Associate Professor, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia.ORCID 0000-0002-7937-3226
Mark J D JordansReader, Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and Senior Advisor, TPO Nepal, Nepal.ORCID 0000-0001-5925-8039
Sheila KangereResearch Officer, Butabika National Referral and Teaching Mental Hospital, Uganda.
Fred KigoziProfessor of Psychiatry, Butabika National Referral and Teaching Mental Hospital, Uganda.
James MugishaResearch Officer, Butabika National Referral and Teaching Mental Hospital, Uganda.
Shital MukeResearch Fellow, Public Health Foundation of India, Bhopal, India.
Saheed OlayiwolaLecturer II, Department of Economics, Federal University of Technology, Nigeria.
Rahul ShidhayeResearch Coordinator, Public Health Foundation of India, Bhopal, India; and CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
Graham ThornicroftProfessor of Community Psychiatry, Centre for Global Mental Health and Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
Crick LundProfessor of Public Mental Health, Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa; and Professor of Global Mental Health and Development, Health Services and Population Research Department, Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5159-8220
Butabika Hospital · UGKing's College London · GBUniversity of Cape Town · ZAUniversity of Ibadan · NGAddis Ababa University · ETFederal University of Technology · NGMaastricht University · NLPublic Health Foundation of India · INWorld Health Organization · CH

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/R023697/1Medical Research Council MR/S001255/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCurrent coverage of mental healthcare in low- and middle-income countries is very limited, not only in terms of access to services but also in terms of financial protection of individuals in need of care and treatment.

aimsTo identify the challenges, opportunities and strategies for more equitable and sustainable mental health financing in six sub-Saharan African and South Asian countries, namely Ethiopia, India, Nepal, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda.

methodIn the context of a mental health systems research project (Emerald), a multi-methods approach was implemented consisting of three steps: a quantitative and narrative assessment of each country's disease burden profile, health system and macro-fiscal situation; in-depth interviews with expert stakeholders; and a policy analysis of sustainable financing options.

resultsKey challenges identified for sustainable mental health financing include the low level of funding accorded to mental health services, widespread inequalities in access and poverty, although opportunities exist in the form of new political interest in mental health and ongoing reforms to national insurance schemes. Inclusion of mental health within planned or nascent national health insurance schemes was identified as a key strategy for moving towards more equitable and sustainable mental health financing in all six countries.

conclusionsIncluding mental health in ongoing national health insurance reforms represent the most important strategic opportunity in the six participating countries to secure enhanced service provision and financial protection for individuals and households affected by mental disorders and psychosocial disabilities. DECLARATION OF INTEREST: D.C. is a staff member of the World Health Organization.

Indexed as

financingLow and middle income countriesmental healthmental health systems

Identifiers

PMID31530327
PMCPMC6688460
OpenAlexW4243586056

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.