ArticlePloS one2019
Sputum microbiota and inflammation at stable state and during exacerbations in a cohort of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbiome dysbiosis in chronic lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- The respiratory microbiota alpha-diversity in chronic lung diseases: first systematic review and meta-analysis.Respiratory research · 2022Pooled it
- Characteristics of Respiratory Microbiome in COPD-A Literature Review.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2026Review
- Bronchial and Systemic Relationships ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroids/Long-Acting Beta-Agonists (ICS/LABA) on Airway Microbial Diversity and IL-8/IL-10 Cytokine Levels in Stable COPD.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2026Article
- [Research Progress on the Regulatory Mechanism of Respiratory Microbiota in the Comorbidity of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2025Review
- Association between exacerbation history and airway bacterial community assessed by extended bacterial culture and sequencing approaches in stable COPD.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Lung Microbiota: From Healthy Lungs to Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Insights into human respiratory microbiome under dysbiosis and its analysis tool.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2025Review
- Burn inhalation injury and intubation with dexamethasone-eluting endotracheal tubes modulate local microbiome and alter airway inflammation.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Cytokine Biomarkers of Exacerbations in Sputum From Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Observational
- Lung antimicrobial proteins and peptides: from host defense to therapeutic strategies.Physiological reviews · 2024Review
- Exploring the Role of Gut-Lung Interactions in COPD Pathogenesis: A Comprehensive Review on Microbiota Characteristics and Inflammation Modulation.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2024Article
- High Blood Eosinophil Count at Stable State is Not Associated with Airway Microbiota Distinct Profile in COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2024Article
- Interactions between the lung microbiome and host immunity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2023Review
- Human airway and lung microbiome at the crossroad of health and disease (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Review
- A Scoping Analysis of Cathelicidin in Response to Organic Dust Exposure and Related Chronic Lung Illnesses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Impact of Lung Microbiota on COPD.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Frequent Exacerbator Phenotype: What is Different in these Patients?Tanaffos · 2022Article
- Glucose Homeostasis in Relation to Neutrophil Mobilization in Smokers with COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are debilitating events and spur disease progression. Infectious causes are frequent; however, it is unknown to what extent exacerbations are caused by larger shifts in the airways' microbiota. The aim of the current study was to analyse the changes in microbial composition between stable state and during exacerbations, and the corresponding immune response.
methodsThe study sample included 36 COPD patients examined at stable state and exacerbation from the Bergen COPD Cohort and Exacerbations studies, and one patient who delivered sputum on 13 different occasions during the three-year study period. A physician examined the patients at all time points, and sputum induction was performed by stringent protocol. Only induced sputum samples were used in the current study, not spontaneously expectorated sputum. Sputum inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IP-10, MIG, TNF-α) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs, i.e. LL-37/hCAP-18, SLPI) were measured in supernatants, whereas target gene sequencing (16S rRNA) was performed on corresponding cell pellets. The microbiome bioinformatics platform QIIME2TM and the statistics environment R were applied for bioinformatics analyses.
resultsLevels of IP-10, MIG, TNF-α and AMPs were significantly different between the two disease states. Of 36 sample pairs, 24 had significant differences in the 12 most abundant genera between disease states. The diversity was significantly different in several individuals, but not when data was analysed on a group level. The one patient case study showed longitudinal dynamics in microbiota unrelated to disease state.
conclusionChanges in the sputum microbiota with changing COPD disease states are common, and are accompanied by changes in inflammatory markers. However, the changes are highly individual and heterogeneous events.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.