ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2019
When encephalitogenic T cells collaborate with microglia in multiple sclerosis.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- Selective inhibition of TLR2 stimulates the maturation of oligodendroglial progenitor cells to oligodendrocytes.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- The Neuroimmune Duality of CD4⁺ T Cells: Drivers of Damage and Repair in the Brain.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Association of epiretinal membranes with disability in people with multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- T cell-targeted immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: molecular mechanisms to therapeutic perspectives from Traditional Chinese medicine.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Huazhuo Decoction Contributes to Immune Homeostasis and Attenuates Neuronal Inflammation and Demyelination in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Siponimod inhibits disease-associated microglia-T cell interactions in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- The clinical relevance of hyper-reflective foci in the inner retina at the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.Neurological research and practice · 2025Article
- Beyond the gut: decoding the gut-immune-brain axis in health and disease.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- The immune receptor SLAMF5 regulates myeloid-cell mediated neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Brd4 expression in CD4 T cells and in microglia promotes neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Ursolic acid derivatives improved clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modulating central nervous system inflammation.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Article
- Epstein-Barr virus infection promotes T cell dysregulation in a humanized mouse model of multiple sclerosis.Science advances · 2025Article
- Skull bone marrow and skull meninges channels: redefining the landscape of central nervous system immune surveillance.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- Intranasal iron administration induces iron deposition, immunoactivation, and cell-specific vulnerability in the olfactory bulb of C57BL/6 mice.Zoological research · 2025Article
- Tissue-resident immune cells: from defining characteristics to roles in diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Irisin restrains neuroinflammation in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via regulating microglia activation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Neuroimmune crosstalk in chronic neuroinflammation: microglial interactions and immune modulation.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Towards Treating Multiple Sclerosis Progression.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Microglia morphological response to mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles demonstrates EV therapeutic potential for modulating neuroinflammation.Journal of biological engineering · 2024Article
- Mechanism and application of immune interventions in intracerebral haemorrhage.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2024Review
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune cells mediate critical inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes in the CNS in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, activated microglia, border-associated macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages in the CNS can encounter T cells that have infiltrated the brain parenchyma from the circulation. Although microglia and T cells both contribute to normal CNS development and homeostasis, evidence suggests that the meeting of activated microglia and macrophages with encephalitogenic T cells exacerbates their capacity to inflict injury. This crosstalk involves many cell-surface molecules, cytokines and neurotoxic factors. In this Review, we summarize the mechanisms and consequences of T cell-microglia interactions as identified with in vitro experiments and animal models, and discuss the challenges that arise when translating this preclinical knowledge to MS in humans. We also consider therapeutic approaches to MS of which the mechanisms involve prevention or modulation of T cell and microglia responses and their interactions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.